#!/usr/bin/env bash # ``stack.sh`` is an opinionated OpenStack developer installation. It # installs and configures various combinations of **Ceilometer**, **Cinder**, # **Glance**, **Heat**, **Horizon**, **Keystone**, **Nova**, **Quantum** # and **Swift** # This script allows you to specify configuration options of what git # repositories to use, enabled services, network configuration and various # passwords. If you are crafty you can run the script on multiple nodes using # shared settings for common resources (mysql, rabbitmq) and build a multi-node # developer install. # To keep this script simple we assume you are running on a recent **Ubuntu** # (11.10 Oneiric or newer) or **Fedora** (F16 or newer) machine. It # should work in a VM or physical server. Additionally we put the list of # ``apt`` and ``rpm`` dependencies and other configuration files in this repo. # Learn more and get the most recent version at http://devstack.org # Keep track of the devstack directory TOP_DIR=$(cd $(dirname "$0") && pwd) # Import common functions source $TOP_DIR/functions # Determine what system we are running on. This provides ``os_VENDOR``, # ``os_RELEASE``, ``os_UPDATE``, ``os_PACKAGE``, ``os_CODENAME`` # and ``DISTRO`` GetDistro # Settings # ======== # ``stack.sh`` is customizable through setting environment variables. If you # want to override a setting you can set and export it:: # # export DATABASE_PASSWORD=anothersecret # ./stack.sh # # You can also pass options on a single line ``DATABASE_PASSWORD=simple ./stack.sh`` # # Additionally, you can put any local variables into a ``localrc`` file:: # # DATABASE_PASSWORD=anothersecret # DATABASE_USER=hellaroot # # We try to have sensible defaults, so you should be able to run ``./stack.sh`` # in most cases. ``localrc`` is not distributed with DevStack and will never # be overwritten by a DevStack update. # # DevStack distributes ``stackrc`` which contains locations for the OpenStack # repositories and branches to configure. ``stackrc`` sources ``localrc`` to # allow you to safely override those settings. if [[ ! -r $TOP_DIR/stackrc ]]; then echo "ERROR: missing $TOP_DIR/stackrc - did you grab more than just stack.sh?" exit 1 fi source $TOP_DIR/stackrc # Proxy Settings # -------------- # HTTP and HTTPS proxy servers are supported via the usual environment variables [1] # ``http_proxy``, ``https_proxy`` and ``no_proxy``. They can be set in # ``localrc`` if necessary or on the command line:: # # [1] http://www.w3.org/Daemon/User/Proxies/ProxyClients.html # # http_proxy=http://proxy.example.com:3128/ no_proxy=repo.example.net ./stack.sh if [[ -n "$http_proxy" ]]; then export http_proxy=$http_proxy fi if [[ -n "$https_proxy" ]]; then export https_proxy=$https_proxy fi if [[ -n "$no_proxy" ]]; then export no_proxy=$no_proxy fi # Destination path for installation ``DEST`` DEST=${DEST:-/opt/stack} # Sanity Check # ============ # Clean up last environment var cache if [[ -r $TOP_DIR/.stackenv ]]; then rm $TOP_DIR/.stackenv fi # Import database configuration source $TOP_DIR/lib/database # Validate database selection # Since DATABASE_BACKENDS is now set, this also gets ENABLED_SERVICES # properly configured for the database selection. use_database $DATABASE_TYPE || echo "Invalid database '$DATABASE_TYPE'" # Remove services which were negated in ENABLED_SERVICES # using the "-" prefix (e.g., "-rabbit") instead of # calling disable_service(). disable_negated_services # Warn users who aren't on an explicitly supported distro, but allow them to # override check and attempt installation with ``FORCE=yes ./stack`` if [[ ! ${DISTRO} =~ (oneiric|precise|quantal|raring|f16|f17|f18|opensuse-12.2) ]]; then echo "WARNING: this script has not been tested on $DISTRO" if [[ "$FORCE" != "yes" ]]; then echo "If you wish to run this script anyway run with FORCE=yes" exit 1 fi fi if is_service_enabled qpid && ! qpid_is_supported; then echo "Qpid support is not available for this version of your distribution." exit 1 fi # ``stack.sh`` keeps function libraries here # Make sure ``$TOP_DIR/lib`` directory is present if [ ! -d $TOP_DIR/lib ]; then echo "ERROR: missing devstack/lib" exit 1 fi # ``stack.sh`` keeps the list of ``apt`` and ``rpm`` dependencies and config # templates and other useful files in the ``files`` subdirectory FILES=$TOP_DIR/files if [ ! -d $FILES ]; then echo "ERROR: missing devstack/files" exit 1 fi SCREEN_NAME=${SCREEN_NAME:-stack} # Check to see if we are already running DevStack if type -p screen >/dev/null && screen -ls | egrep -q "[0-9].$SCREEN_NAME"; then echo "You are already running a stack.sh session." echo "To rejoin this session type 'screen -x stack'." echo "To destroy this session, type './unstack.sh'." exit 1 fi # Make sure we only have one rpc backend enabled. rpc_backend_cnt=0 for svc in qpid zeromq rabbit; do is_service_enabled $svc && ((rpc_backend_cnt++)) done if [ "$rpc_backend_cnt" -gt 1 ]; then echo "ERROR: only one rpc backend may be enabled," echo " set only one of 'rabbit', 'qpid', 'zeromq'" echo " via ENABLED_SERVICES." elif [ "$rpc_backend_cnt" == 0 ]; then echo "ERROR: at least one rpc backend must be enabled," echo " set one of 'rabbit', 'qpid', 'zeromq'" echo " via ENABLED_SERVICES." fi unset rpc_backend_cnt # Set up logging level VERBOSE=$(trueorfalse True $VERBOSE) # root Access # ----------- # OpenStack is designed to be run as a non-root user; Horizon will fail to run # as **root** since Apache will not serve content from **root** user). If # ``stack.sh`` is run as **root**, it automatically creates a **stack** user with # sudo privileges and runs as that user. if [[ $EUID -eq 0 ]]; then STACK_USER=$DEFAULT_STACK_USER ROOTSLEEP=${ROOTSLEEP:-10} echo "You are running this script as root." echo "In $ROOTSLEEP seconds, we will create a user '$STACK_USER' and run as that user" sleep $ROOTSLEEP # Give the non-root user the ability to run as **root** via ``sudo`` is_package_installed sudo || install_package sudo if ! getent group $STACK_USER >/dev/null; then echo "Creating a group called $STACK_USER" groupadd $STACK_USER fi if ! getent passwd $STACK_USER >/dev/null; then echo "Creating a user called $STACK_USER" useradd -g $STACK_USER -s /bin/bash -d $DEST -m $STACK_USER fi echo "Giving stack user passwordless sudo privileges" # UEC images ``/etc/sudoers`` does not have a ``#includedir``, add one grep -q "^#includedir.*/etc/sudoers.d" /etc/sudoers || echo "#includedir /etc/sudoers.d" >> /etc/sudoers ( umask 226 && echo "$STACK_USER ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL" \ > /etc/sudoers.d/50_stack_sh ) echo "Copying files to $STACK_USER user" STACK_DIR="$DEST/${TOP_DIR##*/}" cp -r -f -T "$TOP_DIR" "$STACK_DIR" chown -R $STACK_USER "$STACK_DIR" cd "$STACK_DIR" if [[ "$SHELL_AFTER_RUN" != "no" ]]; then exec sudo -u $STACK_USER bash -l -c "set -e; bash stack.sh; bash" else exec sudo -u $STACK_USER bash -l -c "set -e; source stack.sh" fi exit 1 else STACK_USER=`whoami` # We're not **root**, make sure ``sudo`` is available is_package_installed sudo || die "Sudo is required. Re-run stack.sh as root ONE TIME ONLY to set up sudo." # UEC images ``/etc/sudoers`` does not have a ``#includedir``, add one sudo grep -q "^#includedir.*/etc/sudoers.d" /etc/sudoers || echo "#includedir /etc/sudoers.d" | sudo tee -a /etc/sudoers # Set up devstack sudoers TEMPFILE=`mktemp` echo "$STACK_USER ALL=(root) NOPASSWD:ALL" >$TEMPFILE # Some binaries might be under /sbin or /usr/sbin, so make sure sudo will # see them by forcing PATH echo "Defaults:$STACK_USER secure_path=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin" >> $TEMPFILE chmod 0440 $TEMPFILE sudo chown root:root $TEMPFILE sudo mv $TEMPFILE /etc/sudoers.d/50_stack_sh # Remove old file sudo rm -f /etc/sudoers.d/stack_sh_nova fi # Create the destination directory and ensure it is writable by the user sudo mkdir -p $DEST if [ ! -w $DEST ]; then sudo chown $STACK_USER $DEST fi # Set ``OFFLINE`` to ``True`` to configure ``stack.sh`` to run cleanly without # Internet access. ``stack.sh`` must have been previously run with Internet # access to install prerequisites and fetch repositories. OFFLINE=`trueorfalse False $OFFLINE` # Set ``ERROR_ON_CLONE`` to ``True`` to configure ``stack.sh`` to exit if # the destination git repository does not exist during the ``git_clone`` # operation. ERROR_ON_CLONE=`trueorfalse False $ERROR_ON_CLONE` # Destination path for service data DATA_DIR=${DATA_DIR:-${DEST}/data} sudo mkdir -p $DATA_DIR sudo chown $STACK_USER $DATA_DIR # Common Configuration # ==================== # Set fixed and floating range here so we can make sure not to use addresses # from either range when attempting to guess the IP to use for the host. # Note that setting FIXED_RANGE may be necessary when running DevStack # in an OpenStack cloud that uses either of these address ranges internally. FLOATING_RANGE=${FLOATING_RANGE:-172.24.4.224/28} FIXED_RANGE=${FIXED_RANGE:-10.0.0.0/24} FIXED_NETWORK_SIZE=${FIXED_NETWORK_SIZE:-256} NETWORK_GATEWAY=${NETWORK_GATEWAY:-10.0.0.1} # Find the interface used for the default route HOST_IP_IFACE=${HOST_IP_IFACE:-$(ip route | sed -n '/^default/{ s/.*dev \(\w\+\)\s\+.*/\1/; p; }')} # Search for an IP unless an explicit is set by ``HOST_IP`` environment variable if [ -z "$HOST_IP" -o "$HOST_IP" == "dhcp" ]; then HOST_IP="" HOST_IPS=`LC_ALL=C ip -f inet addr show ${HOST_IP_IFACE} | awk '/inet/ {split($2,parts,"/"); print parts[1]}'` for IP in $HOST_IPS; do # Attempt to filter out IP addresses that are part of the fixed and # floating range. Note that this method only works if the ``netaddr`` # python library is installed. If it is not installed, an error # will be printed and the first IP from the interface will be used. # If that is not correct set ``HOST_IP`` in ``localrc`` to the correct # address. if ! (address_in_net $IP $FIXED_RANGE || address_in_net $IP $FLOATING_RANGE); then HOST_IP=$IP break; fi done if [ "$HOST_IP" == "" ]; then echo "Could not determine host ip address." echo "Either localrc specified dhcp on ${HOST_IP_IFACE} or defaulted" exit 1 fi fi # Allow the use of an alternate hostname (such as localhost/127.0.0.1) for service endpoints. SERVICE_HOST=${SERVICE_HOST:-$HOST_IP} SERVICE_PROTOCOL=${SERVICE_PROTOCOL:-http} # Configure services to use syslog instead of writing to individual log files SYSLOG=`trueorfalse False $SYSLOG` SYSLOG_HOST=${SYSLOG_HOST:-$HOST_IP} SYSLOG_PORT=${SYSLOG_PORT:-516} # Use color for logging output (only available if syslog is not used) LOG_COLOR=`trueorfalse True $LOG_COLOR` # Service startup timeout SERVICE_TIMEOUT=${SERVICE_TIMEOUT:-60} # Configure Projects # ================== # Get project function libraries source $TOP_DIR/lib/tls source $TOP_DIR/lib/horizon source $TOP_DIR/lib/keystone source $TOP_DIR/lib/glance source $TOP_DIR/lib/nova source $TOP_DIR/lib/cinder source $TOP_DIR/lib/swift source $TOP_DIR/lib/ceilometer source $TOP_DIR/lib/heat source $TOP_DIR/lib/quantum source $TOP_DIR/lib/tempest source $TOP_DIR/lib/baremetal # Set the destination directories for OpenStack projects HORIZON_DIR=$DEST/horizon OPENSTACKCLIENT_DIR=$DEST/python-openstackclient NOVNC_DIR=$DEST/noVNC SWIFT3_DIR=$DEST/swift3 # Should cinder perform secure deletion of volumes? # Defaults to true, can be set to False to avoid this bug when testing: # https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1023755 CINDER_SECURE_DELETE=`trueorfalse True $CINDER_SECURE_DELETE` # Name of the LVM volume group to use/create for iscsi volumes VOLUME_GROUP=${VOLUME_GROUP:-stack-volumes} VOLUME_NAME_PREFIX=${VOLUME_NAME_PREFIX:-volume-} INSTANCE_NAME_PREFIX=${INSTANCE_NAME_PREFIX:-instance-} # Generic helper to configure passwords function read_password { XTRACE=$(set +o | grep xtrace) set +o xtrace var=$1; msg=$2 pw=${!var} localrc=$TOP_DIR/localrc # If the password is not defined yet, proceed to prompt user for a password. if [ ! $pw ]; then # If there is no localrc file, create one if [ ! -e $localrc ]; then touch $localrc fi # Presumably if we got this far it can only be that our localrc is missing # the required password. Prompt user for a password and write to localrc. echo '' echo '################################################################################' echo $msg echo '################################################################################' echo "This value will be written to your localrc file so you don't have to enter it " echo "again. Use only alphanumeric characters." echo "If you leave this blank, a random default value will be used." pw=" " while true; do echo "Enter a password now:" read -e $var pw=${!var} [[ "$pw" = "`echo $pw | tr -cd [:alnum:]`" ]] && break echo "Invalid chars in password. Try again:" done if [ ! $pw ]; then pw=`openssl rand -hex 10` fi eval "$var=$pw" echo "$var=$pw" >> $localrc fi $XTRACE } # Nova Network Configuration # -------------------------- # FIXME: more documentation about why these are important options. Also # we should make sure we use the same variable names as the option names. if [ "$VIRT_DRIVER" = 'xenserver' ]; then PUBLIC_INTERFACE_DEFAULT=eth3 # Allow ``build_domU.sh`` to specify the flat network bridge via kernel args FLAT_NETWORK_BRIDGE_DEFAULT=$(grep -o 'flat_network_bridge=[[:alnum:]]*' /proc/cmdline | cut -d= -f 2 | sort -u) GUEST_INTERFACE_DEFAULT=eth1 elif [ "$VIRT_DRIVER" = 'baremetal' ]; then PUBLIC_INTERFACE_DEFAULT=eth0 FLAT_NETWORK_BRIDGE_DEFAULT=br100 FLAT_INTERFACE=${FLAT_INTERFACE:-eth0} FORCE_DHCP_RELEASE=${FORCE_DHCP_RELEASE:-False} NET_MAN=${NET_MAN:-FlatManager} STUB_NETWORK=${STUB_NETWORK:-False} else PUBLIC_INTERFACE_DEFAULT=br100 FLAT_NETWORK_BRIDGE_DEFAULT=br100 GUEST_INTERFACE_DEFAULT=eth0 fi PUBLIC_INTERFACE=${PUBLIC_INTERFACE:-$PUBLIC_INTERFACE_DEFAULT} NET_MAN=${NET_MAN:-FlatDHCPManager} EC2_DMZ_HOST=${EC2_DMZ_HOST:-$SERVICE_HOST} FLAT_NETWORK_BRIDGE=${FLAT_NETWORK_BRIDGE:-$FLAT_NETWORK_BRIDGE_DEFAULT} VLAN_INTERFACE=${VLAN_INTERFACE:-$GUEST_INTERFACE_DEFAULT} FORCE_DHCP_RELEASE=${FORCE_DHCP_RELEASE:-True} # Test floating pool and range are used for testing. They are defined # here until the admin APIs can replace nova-manage TEST_FLOATING_POOL=${TEST_FLOATING_POOL:-test} TEST_FLOATING_RANGE=${TEST_FLOATING_RANGE:-192.168.253.0/29} # ``MULTI_HOST`` is a mode where each compute node runs its own network node. This # allows network operations and routing for a VM to occur on the server that is # running the VM - removing a SPOF and bandwidth bottleneck. MULTI_HOST=`trueorfalse False $MULTI_HOST` # If you are using the FlatDHCP network mode on multiple hosts, set the # ``FLAT_INTERFACE`` variable but make sure that the interface doesn't already # have an IP or you risk breaking things. # # **DHCP Warning**: If your flat interface device uses DHCP, there will be a # hiccup while the network is moved from the flat interface to the flat network # bridge. This will happen when you launch your first instance. Upon launch # you will lose all connectivity to the node, and the VM launch will probably # fail. # # If you are running on a single node and don't need to access the VMs from # devices other than that node, you can set ``FLAT_INTERFACE=`` # This will stop nova from bridging any interfaces into ``FLAT_NETWORK_BRIDGE``. FLAT_INTERFACE=${FLAT_INTERFACE-$GUEST_INTERFACE_DEFAULT} ## FIXME(ja): should/can we check that FLAT_INTERFACE is sane? # Database Configuration # ---------------------- # To select between database backends, add a line to localrc like: # # use_database postgresql # # The available database backends are defined in the ``DATABASE_BACKENDS`` # variable defined in stackrc. By default, MySQL is enabled as the database # backend. initialize_database_backends && echo "Using $DATABASE_TYPE database backend" || echo "No database enabled" # RabbitMQ or Qpid # -------------------------- # Rabbit connection info if is_service_enabled rabbit; then RABBIT_HOST=${RABBIT_HOST:-localhost} read_password RABBIT_PASSWORD "ENTER A PASSWORD TO USE FOR RABBIT." fi if is_service_enabled swift; then # If we are using swift3, we can default the s3 port to swift instead # of nova-objectstore if is_service_enabled swift3;then S3_SERVICE_PORT=${S3_SERVICE_PORT:-8080} fi # We only ask for Swift Hash if we have enabled swift service. # ``SWIFT_HASH`` is a random unique string for a swift cluster that # can never change. read_password SWIFT_HASH "ENTER A RANDOM SWIFT HASH." fi # Set default port for nova-objectstore S3_SERVICE_PORT=${S3_SERVICE_PORT:-3333} # Keystone # -------- # The ``SERVICE_TOKEN`` is used to bootstrap the Keystone database. It is # just a string and is not a 'real' Keystone token. read_password SERVICE_TOKEN "ENTER A SERVICE_TOKEN TO USE FOR THE SERVICE ADMIN TOKEN." # Services authenticate to Identity with servicename/``SERVICE_PASSWORD`` read_password SERVICE_PASSWORD "ENTER A SERVICE_PASSWORD TO USE FOR THE SERVICE AUTHENTICATION." # Horizon currently truncates usernames and passwords at 20 characters read_password ADMIN_PASSWORD "ENTER A PASSWORD TO USE FOR HORIZON AND KEYSTONE (20 CHARS OR LESS)." # Set the tenant for service accounts in Keystone SERVICE_TENANT_NAME=${SERVICE_TENANT_NAME:-service} # Log files # --------- # Draw a spinner so the user knows something is happening function spinner() { local delay=0.75 local spinstr='/-\|' printf "..." >&3 while [ true ]; do local temp=${spinstr#?} printf "[%c]" "$spinstr" >&3 local spinstr=$temp${spinstr%"$temp"} sleep $delay printf "\b\b\b" >&3 done } # Echo text to the log file, summary log file and stdout # echo_summary "something to say" function echo_summary() { if [[ -t 3 && "$VERBOSE" != "True" ]]; then kill >/dev/null 2>&1 $LAST_SPINNER_PID if [ ! -z "$LAST_SPINNER_PID" ]; then printf "\b\b\bdone\n" >&3 fi echo -n $@ >&6 spinner & LAST_SPINNER_PID=$! else echo $@ >&6 fi } # Echo text only to stdout, no log files # echo_nolog "something not for the logs" function echo_nolog() { echo $@ >&3 } # Set up logging for ``stack.sh`` # Set ``LOGFILE`` to turn on logging # Append '.xxxxxxxx' to the given name to maintain history # where 'xxxxxxxx' is a representation of the date the file was created TIMESTAMP_FORMAT=${TIMESTAMP_FORMAT:-"%F-%H%M%S"} if [[ -n "$LOGFILE" || -n "$SCREEN_LOGDIR" ]]; then LOGDAYS=${LOGDAYS:-7} CURRENT_LOG_TIME=$(date "+$TIMESTAMP_FORMAT") fi if [[ -n "$LOGFILE" ]]; then # First clean up old log files. Use the user-specified ``LOGFILE`` # as the template to search for, appending '.*' to match the date # we added on earlier runs. LOGDIR=$(dirname "$LOGFILE") LOGNAME=$(basename "$LOGFILE") mkdir -p $LOGDIR find $LOGDIR -maxdepth 1 -name $LOGNAME.\* -mtime +$LOGDAYS -exec rm {} \; LOGFILE=$LOGFILE.${CURRENT_LOG_TIME} SUMFILE=$LOGFILE.${CURRENT_LOG_TIME}.summary # Redirect output according to config # Copy stdout to fd 3 exec 3>&1 if [[ "$VERBOSE" == "True" ]]; then # Redirect stdout/stderr to tee to write the log file exec 1> >( awk ' { cmd ="date +\"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S \"" cmd | getline now close("date +\"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S \"") sub(/^/, now) print fflush() }' | tee "${LOGFILE}" ) 2>&1 # Set up a second fd for output exec 6> >( tee "${SUMFILE}" ) else # Set fd 1 and 2 to primary logfile exec 1> "${LOGFILE}" 2>&1 # Set fd 6 to summary logfile and stdout exec 6> >( tee "${SUMFILE}" /dev/fd/3 ) fi echo_summary "stack.sh log $LOGFILE" # Specified logfile name always links to the most recent log ln -sf $LOGFILE $LOGDIR/$LOGNAME ln -sf $SUMFILE $LOGDIR/$LOGNAME.summary else # Set up output redirection without log files # Copy stdout to fd 3 exec 3>&1 if [[ "$VERBOSE" != "True" ]]; then # Throw away stdout and stderr exec 1>/dev/null 2>&1 fi # Always send summary fd to original stdout exec 6>&3 fi # Set up logging of screen windows # Set ``SCREEN_LOGDIR`` to turn on logging of screen windows to the # directory specified in ``SCREEN_LOGDIR``, we will log to the the file # ``screen-$SERVICE_NAME-$TIMESTAMP.log`` in that dir and have a link # ``screen-$SERVICE_NAME.log`` to the latest log file. # Logs are kept for as long specified in ``LOGDAYS``. if [[ -n "$SCREEN_LOGDIR" ]]; then # We make sure the directory is created. if [[ -d "$SCREEN_LOGDIR" ]]; then # We cleanup the old logs find $SCREEN_LOGDIR -maxdepth 1 -name screen-\*.log -mtime +$LOGDAYS -exec rm {} \; else mkdir -p $SCREEN_LOGDIR fi fi # Set Up Script Execution # ----------------------- # Kill background processes on exit trap clean EXIT clean() { local r=$? kill >/dev/null 2>&1 $(jobs -p) exit $r } # Exit on any errors so that errors don't compound trap failed ERR failed() { local r=$? kill >/dev/null 2>&1 $(jobs -p) set +o xtrace [ -n "$LOGFILE" ] && echo "${0##*/} failed: full log in $LOGFILE" exit $r } # Print the commands being run so that we can see the command that triggers # an error. It is also useful for following along as the install occurs. set -o xtrace # Install Packages # ================ # OpenStack uses a fair number of other projects. # Install package requirements echo_summary "Installing package prerequisites" if is_ubuntu; then install_package $(get_packages $FILES/apts) elif is_fedora; then install_package $(get_packages $FILES/rpms) elif is_suse; then install_package $(get_packages $FILES/rpms-suse) else exit_distro_not_supported "list of packages" fi if [[ $SYSLOG != "False" ]]; then if is_ubuntu || is_fedora; then install_package rsyslog-relp elif is_suse; then install_package rsyslog-module-relp else exit_distro_not_supported "rsyslog-relp installation" fi fi if is_service_enabled rabbit; then # Install rabbitmq-server # the temp file is necessary due to LP: #878600 tfile=$(mktemp) install_package rabbitmq-server > "$tfile" 2>&1 cat "$tfile" rm -f "$tfile" elif is_service_enabled qpid; then if is_fedora; then install_package qpid-cpp-server-daemon elif is_ubuntu; then install_package qpidd else exit_distro_not_supported "qpid installation" fi elif is_service_enabled zeromq; then if is_fedora; then install_package zeromq python-zmq elif is_ubuntu; then install_package libzmq1 python-zmq elif is_suse; then install_package libzmq1 python-pyzmq else exit_distro_not_supported "zeromq installation" fi fi if is_service_enabled $DATABASE_BACKENDS; then install_database fi if is_service_enabled q-agt; then install_quantum_agent_packages fi TRACK_DEPENDS=${TRACK_DEPENDS:-False} # Install python packages into a virtualenv so that we can track them if [[ $TRACK_DEPENDS = True ]] ; then echo_summary "Installing Python packages into a virtualenv $DEST/.venv" install_package python-virtualenv rm -rf $DEST/.venv virtualenv --system-site-packages $DEST/.venv source $DEST/.venv/bin/activate $DEST/.venv/bin/pip freeze > $DEST/requires-pre-pip fi # Check Out Source # ---------------- echo_summary "Installing OpenStack project source" # Grab clients first install_keystoneclient install_glanceclient install_novaclient # Check out the client libs that are used most git_clone $OPENSTACKCLIENT_REPO $OPENSTACKCLIENT_DIR $OPENSTACKCLIENT_BRANCH # glance, swift middleware and nova api needs keystone middleware if is_service_enabled key g-api n-api swift; then # unified auth system (manages accounts/tokens) install_keystone fi if is_service_enabled swift; then install_swiftclient install_swift if is_service_enabled swift3; then # swift3 middleware to provide S3 emulation to Swift git_clone $SWIFT3_REPO $SWIFT3_DIR $SWIFT3_BRANCH fi fi if is_service_enabled g-api n-api; then # image catalog service install_glance fi if is_service_enabled nova; then # compute service install_nova fi if is_service_enabled n-novnc; then # a websockets/html5 or flash powered VNC console for vm instances git_clone $NOVNC_REPO $NOVNC_DIR $NOVNC_BRANCH fi if is_service_enabled horizon; then # dashboard install_horizon fi if is_service_enabled quantum; then install_quantum install_quantumclient install_quantum_third_party fi if is_service_enabled heat; then install_heat install_heatclient fi if is_service_enabled cinder; then install_cinder fi if is_service_enabled ceilometer; then install_ceilometerclient install_ceilometer fi if is_service_enabled tempest; then install_tempest fi # Initialization # ============== echo_summary "Configuring OpenStack projects" # Set up our checkouts so they are installed into python path # allowing ``import nova`` or ``import glance.client`` configure_keystoneclient configure_novaclient setup_develop $OPENSTACKCLIENT_DIR if is_service_enabled key g-api n-api swift; then configure_keystone fi if is_service_enabled swift; then configure_swift configure_swiftclient if is_service_enabled swift3; then setup_develop $SWIFT3_DIR fi fi if is_service_enabled g-api n-api; then configure_glance fi # Do this _after_ glance is installed to override the old binary # TODO(dtroyer): figure out when this is no longer necessary configure_glanceclient if is_service_enabled nova; then configure_nova fi if is_service_enabled horizon; then configure_horizon fi if is_service_enabled quantum; then setup_quantumclient setup_quantum fi if is_service_enabled heat; then configure_heat configure_heatclient fi if is_service_enabled cinder; then configure_cinder fi if [[ $TRACK_DEPENDS = True ]] ; then $DEST/.venv/bin/pip freeze > $DEST/requires-post-pip if ! diff -Nru $DEST/requires-pre-pip $DEST/requires-post-pip > $DEST/requires.diff ; then cat $DEST/requires.diff fi echo "Ran stack.sh in depend tracking mode, bailing out now" exit 0 fi if is_service_enabled tls-proxy; then configure_CA init_CA # Add name to /etc/hosts # don't be naive and add to existing line! fi # Syslog # ------ if [[ $SYSLOG != "False" ]]; then if [[ "$SYSLOG_HOST" = "$HOST_IP" ]]; then # Configure the master host to receive cat </tmp/90-stack-m.conf \$ModLoad imrelp \$InputRELPServerRun $SYSLOG_PORT EOF sudo mv /tmp/90-stack-m.conf /etc/rsyslog.d else # Set rsyslog to send to remote host cat </tmp/90-stack-s.conf *.* :omrelp:$SYSLOG_HOST:$SYSLOG_PORT EOF sudo mv /tmp/90-stack-s.conf /etc/rsyslog.d fi echo_summary "Starting rsyslog" restart_service rsyslog fi # Finalize queue installation # ---------------------------- if is_service_enabled rabbit; then # Start rabbitmq-server echo_summary "Starting RabbitMQ" if is_fedora || is_suse; then # service is not started by default restart_service rabbitmq-server fi # change the rabbit password since the default is "guest" sudo rabbitmqctl change_password guest $RABBIT_PASSWORD elif is_service_enabled qpid; then echo_summary "Starting qpid" restart_service qpidd fi # Configure database # ------------------ if is_service_enabled $DATABASE_BACKENDS; then configure_database fi # Configure screen # ---------------- if [ -z "$SCREEN_HARDSTATUS" ]; then SCREEN_HARDSTATUS='%{= .} %-Lw%{= .}%> %n%f %t*%{= .}%+Lw%< %-=%{g}(%{d}%H/%l%{g})' fi # Clear screen rc file SCREENRC=$TOP_DIR/$SCREEN_NAME-screenrc if [[ -e $SCREENRC ]]; then echo -n > $SCREENRC fi # Create a new named screen to run processes in screen -d -m -S $SCREEN_NAME -t shell -s /bin/bash sleep 1 # Set a reasonable status bar screen -r $SCREEN_NAME -X hardstatus alwayslastline "$SCREEN_HARDSTATUS" # Initialize the directory for service status check init_service_check # Keystone # -------- if is_service_enabled key; then echo_summary "Starting Keystone" init_keystone start_keystone # Set up a temporary admin URI for Keystone SERVICE_ENDPOINT=$KEYSTONE_SERVICE_PROTOCOL://$KEYSTONE_AUTH_HOST:$KEYSTONE_AUTH_PORT/v2.0 if is_service_enabled tls-proxy; then export OS_CACERT=$INT_CA_DIR/ca-chain.pem # Until the client support is fixed, just use the internal endpoint SERVICE_ENDPOINT=http://$KEYSTONE_AUTH_HOST:$KEYSTONE_AUTH_PORT_INT/v2.0 fi # Do the keystone-specific bits from keystone_data.sh export OS_SERVICE_TOKEN=$SERVICE_TOKEN export OS_SERVICE_ENDPOINT=$SERVICE_ENDPOINT create_keystone_accounts create_nova_accounts create_cinder_accounts create_quantum_accounts # ``keystone_data.sh`` creates services, admin and demo users, and roles. ADMIN_PASSWORD=$ADMIN_PASSWORD SERVICE_TENANT_NAME=$SERVICE_TENANT_NAME SERVICE_PASSWORD=$SERVICE_PASSWORD \ SERVICE_TOKEN=$SERVICE_TOKEN SERVICE_ENDPOINT=$SERVICE_ENDPOINT SERVICE_HOST=$SERVICE_HOST \ S3_SERVICE_PORT=$S3_SERVICE_PORT KEYSTONE_CATALOG_BACKEND=$KEYSTONE_CATALOG_BACKEND \ DEVSTACK_DIR=$TOP_DIR ENABLED_SERVICES=$ENABLED_SERVICES HEAT_API_CFN_PORT=$HEAT_API_CFN_PORT \ HEAT_API_PORT=$HEAT_API_PORT \ bash -x $FILES/keystone_data.sh # Set up auth creds now that keystone is bootstrapped export OS_AUTH_URL=$SERVICE_ENDPOINT export OS_TENANT_NAME=admin export OS_USERNAME=admin export OS_PASSWORD=$ADMIN_PASSWORD unset OS_SERVICE_TOKEN OS_SERVICE_ENDPOINT fi # Horizon # ------- # Set up the django horizon application to serve via apache/wsgi if is_service_enabled horizon; then echo_summary "Configuring and starting Horizon" init_horizon start_horizon fi # Glance # ------ if is_service_enabled g-reg; then echo_summary "Configuring Glance" init_glance # Store the images in swift if enabled. if is_service_enabled swift; then iniset $GLANCE_API_CONF DEFAULT default_store swift iniset $GLANCE_API_CONF DEFAULT swift_store_auth_address $KEYSTONE_SERVICE_PROTOCOL://$KEYSTONE_SERVICE_HOST:$KEYSTONE_SERVICE_PORT/v2.0/ iniset $GLANCE_API_CONF DEFAULT swift_store_user $SERVICE_TENANT_NAME:glance iniset $GLANCE_API_CONF DEFAULT swift_store_key $SERVICE_PASSWORD iniset $GLANCE_API_CONF DEFAULT swift_store_create_container_on_put True fi fi # Quantum # ------- if is_service_enabled quantum; then echo_summary "Configuring Quantum" configure_quantum init_quantum fi # Some Quantum plugins require network controllers which are not # a part of the OpenStack project. Configure and start them. if is_service_enabled quantum; then configure_quantum_third_party init_quantum_third_party start_quantum_third_party fi # Nova # ---- if is_service_enabled nova; then echo_summary "Configuring Nova" configure_nova fi if is_service_enabled n-net q-dhcp; then # Delete traces of nova networks from prior runs sudo killall dnsmasq || true clean_iptables rm -rf ${NOVA_STATE_PATH}/networks sudo mkdir -p ${NOVA_STATE_PATH}/networks sudo chown -R ${USER} ${NOVA_STATE_PATH}/networks # Force IP forwarding on, just on case sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 fi # Storage Service # --------------- if is_service_enabled swift; then echo_summary "Configuring Swift" init_swift fi # Volume Service # -------------- if is_service_enabled cinder; then echo_summary "Configuring Cinder" init_cinder fi if is_service_enabled nova; then echo_summary "Configuring Nova" # Rebuild the config file from scratch create_nova_conf init_nova # Additional Nova configuration that is dependent on other services if is_service_enabled quantum; then create_nova_conf_quantum elif is_service_enabled n-net; then create_nova_conf_nova_network fi # All nova-compute workers need to know the vnc configuration options # These settings don't hurt anything if n-xvnc and n-novnc are disabled if is_service_enabled n-cpu; then NOVNCPROXY_URL=${NOVNCPROXY_URL:-"http://$SERVICE_HOST:6080/vnc_auto.html"} iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT novncproxy_base_url "$NOVNCPROXY_URL" XVPVNCPROXY_URL=${XVPVNCPROXY_URL:-"http://$SERVICE_HOST:6081/console"} iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT xvpvncproxy_base_url "$XVPVNCPROXY_URL" fi if [ "$VIRT_DRIVER" = 'xenserver' ]; then VNCSERVER_PROXYCLIENT_ADDRESS=${VNCSERVER_PROXYCLIENT_ADDRESS=169.254.0.1} else VNCSERVER_PROXYCLIENT_ADDRESS=${VNCSERVER_PROXYCLIENT_ADDRESS=127.0.0.1} fi # Address on which instance vncservers will listen on compute hosts. # For multi-host, this should be the management ip of the compute host. VNCSERVER_LISTEN=${VNCSERVER_LISTEN=127.0.0.1} iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT vncserver_listen "$VNCSERVER_LISTEN" iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT vncserver_proxyclient_address "$VNCSERVER_PROXYCLIENT_ADDRESS" iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT ec2_dmz_host "$EC2_DMZ_HOST" if is_service_enabled zeromq; then iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT rpc_backend "nova.openstack.common.rpc.impl_zmq" elif is_service_enabled qpid; then iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT rpc_backend "nova.rpc.impl_qpid" elif [ -n "$RABBIT_HOST" ] && [ -n "$RABBIT_PASSWORD" ]; then iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT rabbit_host "$RABBIT_HOST" iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT rabbit_password "$RABBIT_PASSWORD" fi iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT glance_api_servers "$GLANCE_HOSTPORT" # XenServer # --------- if [ "$VIRT_DRIVER" = 'xenserver' ]; then echo_summary "Using XenServer virtualization driver" read_password XENAPI_PASSWORD "ENTER A PASSWORD TO USE FOR XEN." iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT compute_driver "xenapi.XenAPIDriver" XENAPI_CONNECTION_URL=${XENAPI_CONNECTION_URL:-"http://169.254.0.1"} XENAPI_USER=${XENAPI_USER:-"root"} iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT xenapi_connection_url "$XENAPI_CONNECTION_URL" iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT xenapi_connection_username "$XENAPI_USER" iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT xenapi_connection_password "$XENAPI_PASSWORD" iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT flat_injected "False" # Need to avoid crash due to new firewall support XEN_FIREWALL_DRIVER=${XEN_FIREWALL_DRIVER:-"nova.virt.firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver"} iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT firewall_driver "$XEN_FIREWALL_DRIVER" # OpenVZ # ------ elif [ "$VIRT_DRIVER" = 'openvz' ]; then echo_summary "Using OpenVZ virtualization driver" # TODO(deva): OpenVZ driver does not yet work if compute_driver is set here. # Replace connection_type when this is fixed. # iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT compute_driver "openvz.connection.OpenVzConnection" iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT connection_type "openvz" LIBVIRT_FIREWALL_DRIVER=${LIBVIRT_FIREWALL_DRIVER:-"nova.virt.libvirt.firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver"} iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT firewall_driver "$LIBVIRT_FIREWALL_DRIVER" # Bare Metal # ---------- elif [ "$VIRT_DRIVER" = 'baremetal' ]; then echo_summary "Using BareMetal driver" LIBVIRT_FIREWALL_DRIVER=${LIBVIRT_FIREWALL_DRIVER:-"nova.virt.firewall.NoopFirewallDriver"} iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT compute_driver nova.virt.baremetal.driver.BareMetalDriver iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT firewall_driver $LIBVIRT_FIREWALL_DRIVER iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT scheduler_host_manager nova.scheduler.baremetal_host_manager.BaremetalHostManager iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT scheduler_default_filters AllHostsFilter iniset $NOVA_CONF baremetal driver $BM_DRIVER iniset $NOVA_CONF baremetal instance_type_extra_specs cpu_arch:$BM_CPU_ARCH iniset $NOVA_CONF baremetal power_manager $BM_POWER_MANAGER iniset $NOVA_CONF baremetal tftp_root /tftpboot # Define extra baremetal nova conf flags by defining the array ``EXTRA_BAREMETAL_OPTS``. for I in "${EXTRA_BAREMETAL_OPTS[@]}"; do # Attempt to convert flags to options iniset $NOVA_CONF baremetal ${I//=/ } done # Default # ------- else echo_summary "Using libvirt virtualization driver" iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT compute_driver "libvirt.LibvirtDriver" LIBVIRT_FIREWALL_DRIVER=${LIBVIRT_FIREWALL_DRIVER:-"nova.virt.libvirt.firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver"} iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT firewall_driver "$LIBVIRT_FIREWALL_DRIVER" fi fi # Extra things to prepare nova for baremetal, before nova starts if is_service_enabled nova && is_baremetal; then echo_summary "Preparing for nova baremetal" prepare_baremetal_toolchain configure_baremetal_nova_dirs if [[ "$BM_USE_FAKE_ENV" = "True" ]]; then create_fake_baremetal_env fi fi # Launch Services # =============== # Only run the services specified in ``ENABLED_SERVICES`` # Launch Swift Services if is_service_enabled swift; then echo_summary "Starting Swift" start_swift fi # Launch the Glance services if is_service_enabled g-api g-reg; then echo_summary "Starting Glance" start_glance fi # Create an access key and secret key for nova ec2 register image if is_service_enabled key && is_service_enabled swift3 && is_service_enabled nova; then NOVA_USER_ID=$(keystone user-list | grep ' nova ' | get_field 1) NOVA_TENANT_ID=$(keystone tenant-list | grep " $SERVICE_TENANT_NAME " | get_field 1) CREDS=$(keystone ec2-credentials-create --user_id $NOVA_USER_ID --tenant_id $NOVA_TENANT_ID) ACCESS_KEY=$(echo "$CREDS" | awk '/ access / { print $4 }') SECRET_KEY=$(echo "$CREDS" | awk '/ secret / { print $4 }') iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT s3_access_key "$ACCESS_KEY" iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT s3_secret_key "$SECRET_KEY" iniset $NOVA_CONF DEFAULT s3_affix_tenant "True" fi screen_it zeromq "cd $NOVA_DIR && $NOVA_BIN_DIR/nova-rpc-zmq-receiver" # Launch the nova-api and wait for it to answer before continuing if is_service_enabled n-api; then echo_summary "Starting Nova API" start_nova_api fi if is_service_enabled q-svc; then echo_summary "Starting Quantum" start_quantum_service_and_check create_quantum_initial_network setup_quantum_debug elif is_service_enabled $DATABASE_BACKENDS && is_service_enabled n-net; then # Create a small network $NOVA_BIN_DIR/nova-manage network create "$PRIVATE_NETWORK_NAME" $FIXED_RANGE 1 $FIXED_NETWORK_SIZE $NETWORK_CREATE_ARGS # Create some floating ips $NOVA_BIN_DIR/nova-manage floating create $FLOATING_RANGE --pool=$PUBLIC_NETWORK_NAME # Create a second pool $NOVA_BIN_DIR/nova-manage floating create --ip_range=$TEST_FLOATING_RANGE --pool=$TEST_FLOATING_POOL fi if is_service_enabled quantum; then start_quantum_agents fi if is_service_enabled nova; then echo_summary "Starting Nova" start_nova fi if is_service_enabled cinder; then echo_summary "Starting Cinder" start_cinder fi if is_service_enabled ceilometer; then echo_summary "Configuring Ceilometer" configure_ceilometer configure_ceilometerclient echo_summary "Starting Ceilometer" init_ceilometer start_ceilometer fi # Starting the nova-objectstore only if swift3 service is not enabled. # Swift will act as s3 objectstore. is_service_enabled swift3 || \ screen_it n-obj "cd $NOVA_DIR && $NOVA_BIN_DIR/nova-objectstore" # Configure and launch heat engine, api and metadata if is_service_enabled heat; then # Initialize heat, including replacing nova flavors echo_summary "Configuring Heat" init_heat echo_summary "Starting Heat" start_heat fi # Create account rc files # ======================= # Creates source able script files for easier user switching. # This step also creates certificates for tenants and users, # which is helpful in image bundle steps. if is_service_enabled nova && is_service_enabled key; then $TOP_DIR/tools/create_userrc.sh -PA --target-dir $TOP_DIR/accrc fi # Install Images # ============== # Upload an image to glance. # # The default image is cirros, a small testing image which lets you login as **root** # cirros also uses ``cloud-init``, supporting login via keypair and sending scripts as # userdata. See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CloudInit for more on cloud-init # # Override ``IMAGE_URLS`` with a comma-separated list of UEC images. # * **oneiric**: http://uec-images.ubuntu.com/oneiric/current/oneiric-server-cloudimg-amd64.tar.gz # * **precise**: http://uec-images.ubuntu.com/precise/current/precise-server-cloudimg-amd64.tar.gz if is_service_enabled g-reg; then TOKEN=$(keystone token-get | grep ' id ' | get_field 2) if is_baremetal; then echo_summary "Creating and uploading baremetal images" # build and upload separate deploy kernel & ramdisk upload_baremetal_deploy $TOKEN # upload images, separating out the kernel & ramdisk for PXE boot for image_url in ${IMAGE_URLS//,/ }; do upload_baremetal_image $image_url $TOKEN done else echo_summary "Uploading images" # Option to upload legacy ami-tty, which works with xenserver if [[ -n "$UPLOAD_LEGACY_TTY" ]]; then IMAGE_URLS="${IMAGE_URLS:+${IMAGE_URLS},}https://github.com/downloads/citrix-openstack/warehouse/tty.tgz" fi for image_url in ${IMAGE_URLS//,/ }; do upload_image $image_url $TOKEN done fi fi # If we are running nova with baremetal driver, there are a few # last-mile configuration bits to attend to, which must happen # after n-api and n-sch have started. # Also, creating the baremetal flavor must happen after images # are loaded into glance, though just knowing the IDs is sufficient here if is_service_enabled nova && is_baremetal; then # create special flavor for baremetal if we know what images to associate [[ -n "$BM_DEPLOY_KERNEL_ID" ]] && [[ -n "$BM_DEPLOY_RAMDISK_ID" ]] && \ create_baremetal_flavor $BM_DEPLOY_KERNEL_ID $BM_DEPLOY_RAMDISK_ID # otherwise user can manually add it later by calling nova-baremetal-manage # otherwise user can manually add it later by calling nova-baremetal-manage [[ -n "$BM_FIRST_MAC" ]] && add_baremetal_node # NOTE: we do this here to ensure that our copy of dnsmasq is running sudo pkill dnsmasq || true sudo dnsmasq --conf-file= --port=0 --enable-tftp --tftp-root=/tftpboot \ --dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0 --bind-interfaces --pid-file=/var/run/dnsmasq.pid \ --interface=$BM_DNSMASQ_IFACE --dhcp-range=$BM_DNSMASQ_RANGE # ensure callback daemon is running sudo pkill nova-baremetal-deploy-helper || true screen_it baremetal "nova-baremetal-deploy-helper" fi # Configure Tempest last to ensure that the runtime configuration of # the various OpenStack services can be queried. if is_service_enabled tempest; then echo_summary "Configuring Tempest" configure_tempest echo '**************************************************' echo_summary "Finished Configuring Tempest" echo '**************************************************' fi # Save some values we generated for later use CURRENT_RUN_TIME=$(date "+$TIMESTAMP_FORMAT") echo "# $CURRENT_RUN_TIME" >$TOP_DIR/.stackenv for i in BASE_SQL_CONN ENABLED_SERVICES HOST_IP LOGFILE \ SERVICE_HOST SERVICE_PROTOCOL TLS_IP; do echo $i=${!i} >>$TOP_DIR/.stackenv done # Run local script # ================ # Run ``local.sh`` if it exists to perform user-managed tasks if [[ -x $TOP_DIR/local.sh ]]; then echo "Running user script $TOP_DIR/local.sh" $TOP_DIR/local.sh fi # Check the status of running services service_check # Fin # === set +o xtrace if [[ -n "$LOGFILE" ]]; then exec 1>&3 # Force all output to stdout and logs now exec 1> >( tee -a "${LOGFILE}" ) 2>&1 else # Force all output to stdout now exec 1>&3 fi # Using the cloud # --------------- echo "" echo "" echo "" # If you installed Horizon on this server you should be able # to access the site using your browser. if is_service_enabled horizon; then echo "Horizon is now available at http://$SERVICE_HOST/" fi # Warn that the default flavors have been changed by Heat if is_service_enabled heat; then echo "Heat has replaced the default flavors. View by running: nova flavor-list" fi # If Keystone is present you can point ``nova`` cli to this server if is_service_enabled key; then echo "Keystone is serving at $KEYSTONE_AUTH_PROTOCOL://$SERVICE_HOST:$KEYSTONE_SERVICE_PORT/v2.0/" echo "Examples on using novaclient command line is in exercise.sh" echo "The default users are: admin and demo" echo "The password: $ADMIN_PASSWORD" fi # Echo ``HOST_IP`` - useful for ``build_uec.sh``, which uses dhcp to give the instance an address echo "This is your host ip: $HOST_IP" # Warn that ``EXTRA_FLAGS`` needs to be converted to ``EXTRA_OPTS`` if [[ -n "$EXTRA_FLAGS" ]]; then echo_summary "WARNING: EXTRA_FLAGS is defined and may need to be converted to EXTRA_OPTS" fi # Indicate how long this took to run (bash maintained variable ``SECONDS``) echo_summary "stack.sh completed in $SECONDS seconds."