@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ FROM base AS criu

 # Install CRIU for checkpoint/restore support

 ENV CRIU_VERSION 3.11

 # Install dependency packages specific to criu

-RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \

+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \

 	libnet-dev \

 	libprotobuf-c0-dev \

 	libprotobuf-dev \

@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \

 	protobuf-compiler \

 	protobuf-c-compiler \

 	python-protobuf \

-	&& mkdir -p /usr/src/criu \

+	&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

+RUN mkdir -p /usr/src/criu \

 	&& curl -sSL https://github.com/checkpoint-restore/criu/archive/v${CRIU_VERSION}.tar.gz | tar -C /usr/src/criu/ -xz --strip-components=1 \

 	&& cd /usr/src/criu \

 	&& make \

@@ -84,7 +85,10 @@ RUN set -x \

 	&& rm -rf "$GOPATH"

 FROM base AS frozen-images

-RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y jq ca-certificates --no-install-recommends

+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \

+	ca-certificates \

+	jq \

+	&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

 # Get useful and necessary Hub images so we can "docker load" locally instead of pulling

 COPY contrib/download-frozen-image-v2.sh /

 RUN /download-frozen-image-v2.sh /build \

@@ -102,28 +106,27 @@ RUN dpkg --add-architecture armhf

 RUN dpkg --add-architecture arm64

 RUN dpkg --add-architecture armel

 RUN if [ "$(go env GOHOSTARCH)" = "amd64" ]; then \

-	apt-get update \

-	&& apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \

+	apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \

 		crossbuild-essential-armhf \

 		crossbuild-essential-arm64 \

-		crossbuild-essential-armel; \

+		crossbuild-essential-armel \

+		&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*; \

 	fi

 FROM cross-${CROSS} as dev-base

 FROM dev-base AS runtime-dev-cross-false

-RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \

+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \

 	libapparmor-dev \

-	libseccomp-dev

-

+	libseccomp-dev \

+	&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

 FROM cross-true AS runtime-dev-cross-true

 # These crossbuild packages rely on gcc-<arch>, but this doesn't want to install

 # on non-amd64 systems.

 # Additionally, the crossbuild-amd64 is currently only on debian:buster, so

 # other architectures cannnot crossbuild amd64.

 RUN if [ "$(go env GOHOSTARCH)" = "amd64" ]; then \

-	apt-get update \

-	&& apt-get install -y \

+	apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \

 		libseccomp-dev:armhf \

 		libseccomp-dev:arm64 \

 		libseccomp-dev:armel \

@@ -133,7 +136,8 @@ RUN if [ "$(go env GOHOSTARCH)" = "amd64" ]; then \

 		# install this arches seccomp here due to compat issues with the v0 builder

 		# This is as opposed to inheriting from runtime-dev-cross-false

 		libapparmor-dev \

-		libseccomp-dev; \

+		libseccomp-dev \

+		&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*; \

 	fi

 FROM runtime-dev-cross-${CROSS} AS runtime-dev

@@ -151,7 +155,9 @@ COPY hack/dockerfile/install/$INSTALL_BINARY_NAME.installer ./

 RUN PREFIX=/build ./install.sh $INSTALL_BINARY_NAME

 FROM dev-base AS containerd

-RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y btrfs-tools

+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \

+	btrfs-tools \

+	&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

 ENV INSTALL_BINARY_NAME=containerd

 COPY hack/dockerfile/install/install.sh ./install.sh

 COPY hack/dockerfile/install/$INSTALL_BINARY_NAME.installer ./

@@ -188,7 +194,10 @@ COPY hack/dockerfile/install/$INSTALL_BINARY_NAME.installer ./

 RUN PREFIX=/build ./install.sh $INSTALL_BINARY_NAME

 FROM dev-base AS tini

-RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y cmake vim-common

+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \

+	cmake \

+	vim-common \

+	&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

 COPY hack/dockerfile/install/install.sh ./install.sh

 ENV INSTALL_BINARY_NAME=tini

 COPY hack/dockerfile/install/$INSTALL_BINARY_NAME.installer ./

@@ -213,7 +222,7 @@ RUN ln -s /usr/local/completion/bash/docker /etc/bash_completion.d/docker

 RUN ldconfig

 # This should only install packages that are specifically needed for the dev environment and nothing else

 # Do you really need to add another package here? Can it be done in a different build stage?

-RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \

+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \

 	apparmor \

 	aufs-tools \

 	bash-completion \

@@ -240,7 +249,7 @@ RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \

 	libprotobuf-c1 \

 	libnet1 \

 	libnl-3-200 \

-	--no-install-recommends

+	&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

 RUN pip3 install yamllint==1.16.0