/*
  * Copyright (c) 2007-2010 Stefano Sabatini
  *
  * This file is part of FFmpeg.
  *
  * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
  * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
  * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
  *
  * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  * Lesser General Public License for more details.
  *
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
  * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
  * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
  */
 

 /**
  * @file
  * simple media prober based on the FFmpeg libraries
  */
 

 #include "config.h"

 #include "version.h"

 #include <string.h>
 

 #include "libavformat/avformat.h"
 #include "libavcodec/avcodec.h"

 #include "libavutil/avassert.h"

 #include "libavutil/avstring.h"

 #include "libavutil/bprint.h"

 #include "libavutil/opt.h"

 #include "libavutil/pixdesc.h"

 #include "libavutil/dict.h"

 #include "libavutil/libm.h"

 #include "libavutil/timecode.h"

 #include "libavdevice/avdevice.h"

 #include "libswscale/swscale.h"
 #include "libswresample/swresample.h"
 #include "libpostproc/postprocess.h"

 #include "cmdutils.h"
 

 const char program_name[] = "ffprobe";

 const int program_birth_year = 2007;
 

 static int do_bitexact = 0;

 static int do_count_frames = 0;
 static int do_count_packets = 0;
 static int do_read_frames  = 0;
 static int do_read_packets = 0;

 static int do_show_error   = 0;

 static int do_show_format  = 0;

 static int do_show_frames  = 0;

 static int do_show_packets = 0;

 static int do_show_streams = 0;

 static int do_show_stream_disposition = 0;

 static int do_show_data    = 0;

 static int do_show_program_version  = 0;
 static int do_show_library_versions = 0;

 
 static int show_value_unit              = 0;
 static int use_value_prefix             = 0;
 static int use_byte_value_binary_prefix = 0;
 static int use_value_sexagesimal_format = 0;

 static int show_private_data            = 1;

 static char *print_format;

 static char *stream_specifier;

 /* section structure definition */
 

 #define SECTION_MAX_NB_CHILDREN 10
 

 struct section {

     int id;             ///< unique id identifying a section

     const char *name;
 
 #define SECTION_FLAG_IS_WRAPPER      1 ///< the section only contains other sections, but has no data at its own level
 #define SECTION_FLAG_IS_ARRAY        2 ///< the section contains an array of elements of the same type

 #define SECTION_FLAG_HAS_VARIABLE_FIELDS 4 ///< the section may contain a variable number of fields with variable keys.
                                            ///  For these sections the element_name field is mandatory.

     int flags;

     int children_ids[SECTION_MAX_NB_CHILDREN+1]; ///< list of children section IDS, terminated by -1

     const char *element_name; ///< name of the contained element, if provided

     const char *unique_name;  ///< unique section name, in case the name is ambiguous
     AVDictionary *entries_to_show;
     int show_all_entries;

 };
 
 typedef enum {
     SECTION_ID_NONE = -1,
     SECTION_ID_ERROR,
     SECTION_ID_FORMAT,
     SECTION_ID_FORMAT_TAGS,
     SECTION_ID_FRAME,
     SECTION_ID_FRAMES,
     SECTION_ID_FRAME_TAGS,
     SECTION_ID_LIBRARY_VERSION,
     SECTION_ID_LIBRARY_VERSIONS,
     SECTION_ID_PACKET,
     SECTION_ID_PACKETS,
     SECTION_ID_PACKETS_AND_FRAMES,
     SECTION_ID_PROGRAM_VERSION,
     SECTION_ID_ROOT,
     SECTION_ID_STREAM,

     SECTION_ID_STREAM_DISPOSITION,

     SECTION_ID_STREAMS,

     SECTION_ID_STREAM_TAGS,

 } SectionID;
 

 static struct section sections[] = {
     [SECTION_ID_ERROR] =              { SECTION_ID_ERROR, "error", 0, { -1 } },
     [SECTION_ID_FORMAT] =             { SECTION_ID_FORMAT, "format", 0, { SECTION_ID_FORMAT_TAGS, -1 } },
     [SECTION_ID_FORMAT_TAGS] =        { SECTION_ID_FORMAT_TAGS, "tags", SECTION_FLAG_HAS_VARIABLE_FIELDS, { -1 }, .element_name = "tag", .unique_name = "format_tags" },
     [SECTION_ID_FRAMES] =             { SECTION_ID_FRAMES, "frames", SECTION_FLAG_IS_ARRAY, { SECTION_ID_FRAME, -1 } },
     [SECTION_ID_FRAME] =              { SECTION_ID_FRAME, "frame", 0, { SECTION_ID_FRAME_TAGS, -1 } },
     [SECTION_ID_FRAME_TAGS] =         { SECTION_ID_FRAME_TAGS, "tags", SECTION_FLAG_HAS_VARIABLE_FIELDS, { -1 }, .element_name = "tag", .unique_name = "frame_tags" },
     [SECTION_ID_LIBRARY_VERSIONS] =   { SECTION_ID_LIBRARY_VERSIONS, "library_versions", SECTION_FLAG_IS_ARRAY, { SECTION_ID_LIBRARY_VERSION, -1 } },
     [SECTION_ID_LIBRARY_VERSION] =    { SECTION_ID_LIBRARY_VERSION, "library_version", 0, { -1 } },
     [SECTION_ID_PACKETS] =            { SECTION_ID_PACKETS, "packets", SECTION_FLAG_IS_ARRAY, { SECTION_ID_PACKET, -1} },
     [SECTION_ID_PACKETS_AND_FRAMES] = { SECTION_ID_PACKETS_AND_FRAMES, "packets_and_frames", SECTION_FLAG_IS_ARRAY, { SECTION_ID_PACKET, -1} },
     [SECTION_ID_PACKET] =             { SECTION_ID_PACKET, "packet", 0, { -1 } },
     [SECTION_ID_PROGRAM_VERSION] =    { SECTION_ID_PROGRAM_VERSION, "program_version", 0, { -1 } },
     [SECTION_ID_ROOT] =               { SECTION_ID_ROOT, "root", SECTION_FLAG_IS_WRAPPER,
                                         { SECTION_ID_FORMAT, SECTION_ID_FRAMES, SECTION_ID_STREAMS, SECTION_ID_PACKETS,
                                           SECTION_ID_ERROR, SECTION_ID_PROGRAM_VERSION, SECTION_ID_LIBRARY_VERSIONS, -1} },
     [SECTION_ID_STREAMS] =            { SECTION_ID_STREAMS, "streams", SECTION_FLAG_IS_ARRAY, { SECTION_ID_STREAM, -1 } },
     [SECTION_ID_STREAM] =             { SECTION_ID_STREAM, "stream", 0, { SECTION_ID_STREAM_DISPOSITION, SECTION_ID_STREAM_TAGS, -1 } },
     [SECTION_ID_STREAM_DISPOSITION] = { SECTION_ID_STREAM_DISPOSITION, "disposition", 0, { -1 }, .unique_name = "stream_disposition" },
     [SECTION_ID_STREAM_TAGS] =        { SECTION_ID_STREAM_TAGS, "tags", SECTION_FLAG_HAS_VARIABLE_FIELDS, { -1 }, .element_name = "tag", .unique_name = "stream_tags" },

 };
 

 static const OptionDef *options;

 
 /* FFprobe context */
 static const char *input_filename;

 static AVInputFormat *iformat = NULL;

 static const char *const binary_unit_prefixes [] = { "", "Ki", "Mi", "Gi", "Ti", "Pi" };
 static const char *const decimal_unit_prefixes[] = { "", "K" , "M" , "G" , "T" , "P"  };

 static const char unit_second_str[]         = "s"    ;
 static const char unit_hertz_str[]          = "Hz"   ;
 static const char unit_byte_str[]           = "byte" ;
 static const char unit_bit_per_second_str[] = "bit/s";

 static uint64_t *nb_streams_packets;
 static uint64_t *nb_streams_frames;

 static int *selected_streams;

 static void exit_program(void)

 {

     int i;
     for (i = 0; i < FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(sections); i++)
         av_dict_free(&(sections[i].entries_to_show));

 }
 

 struct unit_value {

     union { double d; long long int i; } val;

     const char *unit;
 };
 
 static char *value_string(char *buf, int buf_size, struct unit_value uv)

 {

     double vald;

     long long int vali;

     int show_float = 0;
 
     if (uv.unit == unit_second_str) {
         vald = uv.val.d;
         show_float = 1;
     } else {

         vald = vali = uv.val.i;

     }
 
     if (uv.unit == unit_second_str && use_value_sexagesimal_format) {

         double secs;
         int hours, mins;

         secs  = vald;

         mins  = (int)secs / 60;
         secs  = secs - mins * 60;
         hours = mins / 60;
         mins %= 60;
         snprintf(buf, buf_size, "%d:%02d:%09.6f", hours, mins, secs);

     } else {
         const char *prefix_string = "";

         if (use_value_prefix && vald > 1) {

             long long int index;
 
             if (uv.unit == unit_byte_str && use_byte_value_binary_prefix) {

                 index = (long long int) (log2(vald)) / 10;

                 index = av_clip(index, 0, FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(binary_unit_prefixes) - 1);

                 vald /= exp2(index * 10);

                 prefix_string = binary_unit_prefixes[index];
             } else {
                 index = (long long int) (log10(vald)) / 3;
                 index = av_clip(index, 0, FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(decimal_unit_prefixes) - 1);
                 vald /= pow(10, index * 3);
                 prefix_string = decimal_unit_prefixes[index];
             }

         }

         if (show_float || (use_value_prefix && vald != (long long int)vald))

             snprintf(buf, buf_size, "%f", vald);

         else

             snprintf(buf, buf_size, "%lld", vali);

         av_strlcatf(buf, buf_size, "%s%s%s", *prefix_string || show_value_unit ? " " : "",

                  prefix_string, show_value_unit ? uv.unit : "");

     }
 
     return buf;
 }
 

 /* WRITERS API */

 typedef struct WriterContext WriterContext;

 #define WRITER_FLAG_DISPLAY_OPTIONAL_FIELDS 1

 #define WRITER_FLAG_PUT_PACKETS_AND_FRAMES_IN_SAME_CHAPTER 2

 typedef struct Writer {

     const AVClass *priv_class;      ///< private class of the writer, if any

     int priv_size;                  ///< private size for the writer context
     const char *name;

     int  (*init)  (WriterContext *wctx);

     void (*uninit)(WriterContext *wctx);
 

     void (*print_section_header)(WriterContext *wctx);
     void (*print_section_footer)(WriterContext *wctx);

     void (*print_integer)       (WriterContext *wctx, const char *, long long int);

     void (*print_rational)      (WriterContext *wctx, AVRational *q, char *sep);

     void (*print_string)        (WriterContext *wctx, const char *, const char *);

     int flags;                  ///< a combination or WRITER_FLAG_*

 } Writer;
 

 #define SECTION_MAX_NB_LEVELS 10
 

 struct WriterContext {
     const AVClass *class;           ///< class of the writer
     const Writer *writer;           ///< the Writer of which this is an instance
     char *name;                     ///< name of this writer instance
     void *priv;                     ///< private data for use by the filter

 
     const struct section *sections; ///< array containing all sections
     int nb_sections;                ///< number of sections
 
     int level;                      ///< current level, starting from 0
 
     /** number of the item printed in the given section, starting from 0 */
     unsigned int nb_item[SECTION_MAX_NB_LEVELS];
 
     /** section per each level */
     const struct section *section[SECTION_MAX_NB_LEVELS];

     AVBPrint section_pbuf[SECTION_MAX_NB_LEVELS]; ///< generic print buffer dedicated to each section,
                                                   ///  used by various writers

     unsigned int nb_section_packet; ///< number of the packet section in case we are in "packets_and_frames" section
     unsigned int nb_section_frame;  ///< number of the frame  section in case we are in "packets_and_frames" section
     unsigned int nb_section_packet_frame; ///< nb_section_packet or nb_section_frame according if is_packets_and_frames

 };

 static const char *writer_get_name(void *p)
 {
     WriterContext *wctx = p;
     return wctx->writer->name;
 }
 
 static const AVClass writer_class = {
     "Writer",
     writer_get_name,
     NULL,
     LIBAVUTIL_VERSION_INT,
 };
 

 static void writer_close(WriterContext **wctx)

 {

     int i;
 

     if (!*wctx)
         return;

     if ((*wctx)->writer->uninit)
         (*wctx)->writer->uninit(*wctx);

     for (i = 0; i < SECTION_MAX_NB_LEVELS; i++)
         av_bprint_finalize(&(*wctx)->section_pbuf[i], NULL);

     if ((*wctx)->writer->priv_class)
         av_opt_free((*wctx)->priv);

     av_freep(&((*wctx)->priv));
     av_freep(wctx);

 }
 

 static int writer_open(WriterContext **wctx, const Writer *writer, const char *args,
                        const struct section *sections, int nb_sections)

 {

     int i, ret = 0;

     if (!(*wctx = av_malloc(sizeof(WriterContext)))) {
         ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
         goto fail;

     }
 

     if (!((*wctx)->priv = av_mallocz(writer->priv_size))) {
         ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
         goto fail;

     }

     (*wctx)->class = &writer_class;

     (*wctx)->writer = writer;

     (*wctx)->level = -1;
     (*wctx)->sections = sections;
     (*wctx)->nb_sections = nb_sections;

 
     if (writer->priv_class) {
         void *priv_ctx = (*wctx)->priv;
         *((const AVClass **)priv_ctx) = writer->priv_class;
         av_opt_set_defaults(priv_ctx);
 
         if (args &&
             (ret = av_set_options_string(priv_ctx, args, "=", ":")) < 0)
             goto fail;
     }

 
     for (i = 0; i < SECTION_MAX_NB_LEVELS; i++)
         av_bprint_init(&(*wctx)->section_pbuf[i], 1, AV_BPRINT_SIZE_UNLIMITED);
 

     if ((*wctx)->writer->init)

         ret = (*wctx)->writer->init(*wctx);

     if (ret < 0)
         goto fail;
 
     return 0;
 
 fail:
     writer_close(wctx);

     return ret;
 }
 

 static inline void writer_print_section_header(WriterContext *wctx,

                                                int section_id)
 {
     int parent_section_id;
     wctx->level++;
     av_assert0(wctx->level < SECTION_MAX_NB_LEVELS);
     parent_section_id = wctx->level ?
         (wctx->section[wctx->level-1])->id : SECTION_ID_NONE;
 
     wctx->nb_item[wctx->level] = 0;
     wctx->section[wctx->level] = &wctx->sections[section_id];
 
     if (section_id == SECTION_ID_PACKETS_AND_FRAMES) {
         wctx->nb_section_packet = wctx->nb_section_frame =
         wctx->nb_section_packet_frame = 0;
     } else if (parent_section_id == SECTION_ID_PACKETS_AND_FRAMES) {
         wctx->nb_section_packet_frame = section_id == SECTION_ID_PACKET ?
             wctx->nb_section_packet : wctx->nb_section_frame;
     }
 

     if (wctx->writer->print_section_header)

         wctx->writer->print_section_header(wctx);

 }
 

 static inline void writer_print_section_footer(WriterContext *wctx)

 {

     int section_id = wctx->section[wctx->level]->id;
     int parent_section_id = wctx->level ?
         wctx->section[wctx->level-1]->id : SECTION_ID_NONE;
 
     if (parent_section_id != SECTION_ID_NONE)
         wctx->nb_item[wctx->level-1]++;
     if (parent_section_id == SECTION_ID_PACKETS_AND_FRAMES) {
         if (section_id == SECTION_ID_PACKET) wctx->nb_section_packet++;
         else                                     wctx->nb_section_frame++;

     }

     if (wctx->writer->print_section_footer)
         wctx->writer->print_section_footer(wctx);
     wctx->level--;

 }

 static inline void writer_print_integer(WriterContext *wctx,

                                         const char *key, long long int val)

 {

     const struct section *section = wctx->section[wctx->level];
 
     if (section->show_all_entries || av_dict_get(section->entries_to_show, key, NULL, 0)) {

         wctx->writer->print_integer(wctx, key, val);

         wctx->nb_item[wctx->level]++;

     }

 }
 

 static inline void writer_print_string(WriterContext *wctx,

                                        const char *key, const char *val, int opt)

 {

     const struct section *section = wctx->section[wctx->level];
 

     if (opt && !(wctx->writer->flags & WRITER_FLAG_DISPLAY_OPTIONAL_FIELDS))
         return;

 
     if (section->show_all_entries || av_dict_get(section->entries_to_show, key, NULL, 0)) {

         wctx->writer->print_string(wctx, key, val);

         wctx->nb_item[wctx->level]++;

     }

 }
 

 static inline void writer_print_rational(WriterContext *wctx,
                                          const char *key, AVRational q, char sep)
 {
     AVBPrint buf;
     av_bprint_init(&buf, 0, AV_BPRINT_SIZE_AUTOMATIC);
     av_bprintf(&buf, "%d%c%d", q.num, sep, q.den);
     writer_print_string(wctx, key, buf.str, 0);
 }
 

 static void writer_print_time(WriterContext *wctx, const char *key,

                               int64_t ts, const AVRational *time_base, int is_duration)

 {
     char buf[128];
 

     if ((!is_duration && ts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE) || (is_duration && ts == 0)) {
         writer_print_string(wctx, key, "N/A", 1);
     } else {
         double d = ts * av_q2d(*time_base);
         struct unit_value uv;
         uv.val.d = d;
         uv.unit = unit_second_str;
         value_string(buf, sizeof(buf), uv);
         writer_print_string(wctx, key, buf, 0);
     }

 }
 

 static void writer_print_ts(WriterContext *wctx, const char *key, int64_t ts, int is_duration)

 {

     if ((!is_duration && ts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE) || (is_duration && ts == 0)) {

         writer_print_string(wctx, key, "N/A", 1);
     } else {

         writer_print_integer(wctx, key, ts);

     }
 }
 

 static void writer_print_data(WriterContext *wctx, const char *name,
                               uint8_t *data, int size)
 {
     AVBPrint bp;
     int offset = 0, l, i;
 
     av_bprint_init(&bp, 0, AV_BPRINT_SIZE_UNLIMITED);
     av_bprintf(&bp, "\n");
     while (size) {
         av_bprintf(&bp, "%08x: ", offset);
         l = FFMIN(size, 16);
         for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
             av_bprintf(&bp, "%02x", data[i]);
             if (i & 1)
                 av_bprintf(&bp, " ");
         }
         av_bprint_chars(&bp, ' ', 41 - 2 * i - i / 2);
         for (i = 0; i < l; i++)
             av_bprint_chars(&bp, data[i] - 32U < 95 ? data[i] : '.', 1);
         av_bprintf(&bp, "\n");
         offset += l;
         data   += l;
         size   -= l;
     }
     writer_print_string(wctx, name, bp.str, 0);
     av_bprint_finalize(&bp, NULL);
 }
 

 #define MAX_REGISTERED_WRITERS_NB 64
 

 static const Writer *registered_writers[MAX_REGISTERED_WRITERS_NB + 1];

 static int writer_register(const Writer *writer)

 {

     static int next_registered_writer_idx = 0;
 
     if (next_registered_writer_idx == MAX_REGISTERED_WRITERS_NB)
         return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
 
     registered_writers[next_registered_writer_idx++] = writer;
     return 0;

 }
 

 static const Writer *writer_get_by_name(const char *name)

 {
     int i;
 
     for (i = 0; registered_writers[i]; i++)
         if (!strcmp(registered_writers[i]->name, name))
             return registered_writers[i];
 
     return NULL;
 }

 /* WRITERS */

 #define DEFINE_WRITER_CLASS(name)                   \
 static const char *name##_get_name(void *ctx)       \
 {                                                   \
     return #name ;                                  \
 }                                                   \
 static const AVClass name##_class = {               \
     #name,                                          \
     name##_get_name,                                \
     name##_options                                  \
 }
 

 /* Default output */
 

 typedef struct DefaultContext {
     const AVClass *class;

     int nokey;

     int noprint_wrappers;

     int nested_section[SECTION_MAX_NB_LEVELS];

 } DefaultContext;
 
 #define OFFSET(x) offsetof(DefaultContext, x)
 
 static const AVOption default_options[] = {

     { "noprint_wrappers", "do not print headers and footers", OFFSET(noprint_wrappers), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64=0}, 0, 1 },
     { "nw",               "do not print headers and footers", OFFSET(noprint_wrappers), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64=0}, 0, 1 },
     { "nokey",          "force no key printing",     OFFSET(nokey),          AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64=0}, 0, 1 },
     { "nk",             "force no key printing",     OFFSET(nokey),          AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64=0}, 0, 1 },

     {NULL},
 };
 

 DEFINE_WRITER_CLASS(default);

 /* lame uppercasing routine, assumes the string is lower case ASCII */
 static inline char *upcase_string(char *dst, size_t dst_size, const char *src)
 {
     int i;
     for (i = 0; src[i] && i < dst_size-1; i++)

         dst[i] = av_toupper(src[i]);

     dst[i] = 0;
     return dst;
 }
 

 static void default_print_section_header(WriterContext *wctx)

 {

     DefaultContext *def = wctx->priv;

     char buf[32];

     const struct section *section = wctx->section[wctx->level];
     const struct section *parent_section = wctx->level ?
         wctx->section[wctx->level-1] : NULL;
 

     av_bprint_clear(&wctx->section_pbuf[wctx->level]);

     if (parent_section &&
         !(parent_section->flags & (SECTION_FLAG_IS_WRAPPER|SECTION_FLAG_IS_ARRAY))) {
         def->nested_section[wctx->level] = 1;

         av_bprintf(&wctx->section_pbuf[wctx->level], "%s%s:",
                    wctx->section_pbuf[wctx->level-1].str,

                    upcase_string(buf, sizeof(buf),
                                  av_x_if_null(section->element_name, section->name)));
     }
 
     if (def->noprint_wrappers || def->nested_section[wctx->level])

         return;

     if (!(section->flags & (SECTION_FLAG_IS_WRAPPER|SECTION_FLAG_IS_ARRAY)))
         printf("[%s]\n", upcase_string(buf, sizeof(buf), section->name));

 }
 

 static void default_print_section_footer(WriterContext *wctx)

 {

     DefaultContext *def = wctx->priv;

     const struct section *section = wctx->section[wctx->level];

     char buf[32];
 

     if (def->noprint_wrappers || def->nested_section[wctx->level])

         return;
 
     if (!(section->flags & (SECTION_FLAG_IS_WRAPPER|SECTION_FLAG_IS_ARRAY)))
         printf("[/%s]\n", upcase_string(buf, sizeof(buf), section->name));

 }
 
 static void default_print_str(WriterContext *wctx, const char *key, const char *value)
 {

     DefaultContext *def = wctx->priv;

     if (!def->nokey)

         printf("%s%s=", wctx->section_pbuf[wctx->level].str, key);

     printf("%s\n", value);

 }
 

 static void default_print_int(WriterContext *wctx, const char *key, long long int value)

 {

     DefaultContext *def = wctx->priv;
 
     if (!def->nokey)

         printf("%s%s=", wctx->section_pbuf[wctx->level].str, key);

     printf("%lld\n", value);

 }
 

 static const Writer default_writer = {

     .name                  = "default",

     .priv_size             = sizeof(DefaultContext),

     .print_section_header  = default_print_section_header,
     .print_section_footer  = default_print_section_footer,
     .print_integer         = default_print_int,
     .print_string          = default_print_str,

     .flags = WRITER_FLAG_DISPLAY_OPTIONAL_FIELDS,

     .priv_class            = &default_class,

 };
 

 /* Compact output */
 
 /**

  * Apply C-language-like string escaping.

  */

 static const char *c_escape_str(AVBPrint *dst, const char *src, const char sep, void *log_ctx)

 {
     const char *p;
 
     for (p = src; *p; p++) {

         switch (*p) {

         case '\b': av_bprintf(dst, "%s", "\\b");  break;
         case '\f': av_bprintf(dst, "%s", "\\f");  break;

         case '\n': av_bprintf(dst, "%s", "\\n");  break;
         case '\r': av_bprintf(dst, "%s", "\\r");  break;
         case '\\': av_bprintf(dst, "%s", "\\\\"); break;

         default:
             if (*p == sep)

                 av_bprint_chars(dst, '\\', 1);
             av_bprint_chars(dst, *p, 1);

         }
     }

     return dst->str;

 }
 
 /**
  * Quote fields containing special characters, check RFC4180.
  */

 static const char *csv_escape_str(AVBPrint *dst, const char *src, const char sep, void *log_ctx)

 {

     char meta_chars[] = { sep, '"', '\n', '\r', '\0' };
     int needs_quoting = !!src[strcspn(src, meta_chars)];

     if (needs_quoting)

         av_bprint_chars(dst, '"', 1);

     for (; *src; src++) {
         if (*src == '"')

             av_bprint_chars(dst, '"', 1);

         av_bprint_chars(dst, *src, 1);

     }

     if (needs_quoting)

         av_bprint_chars(dst, '"', 1);

     return dst->str;

 }
 

 static const char *none_escape_str(AVBPrint *dst, const char *src, const char sep, void *log_ctx)

 {
     return src;
 }
 
 typedef struct CompactContext {
     const AVClass *class;
     char *item_sep_str;
     char item_sep;
     int nokey;

     int print_section;

     char *escape_mode_str;

     const char * (*escape_str)(AVBPrint *dst, const char *src, const char sep, void *log_ctx);

     int nested_section[SECTION_MAX_NB_LEVELS];

 } CompactContext;
 

 #undef OFFSET

 #define OFFSET(x) offsetof(CompactContext, x)
 
 static const AVOption compact_options[]= {
     {"item_sep", "set item separator",    OFFSET(item_sep_str),    AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str="|"},  CHAR_MIN, CHAR_MAX },
     {"s",        "set item separator",    OFFSET(item_sep_str),    AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str="|"},  CHAR_MIN, CHAR_MAX },

     {"nokey",    "force no key printing", OFFSET(nokey),           AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    {.i64=0},    0,        1        },
     {"nk",       "force no key printing", OFFSET(nokey),           AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    {.i64=0},    0,        1        },

     {"escape",   "set escape mode",       OFFSET(escape_mode_str), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str="c"},  CHAR_MIN, CHAR_MAX },
     {"e",        "set escape mode",       OFFSET(escape_mode_str), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str="c"},  CHAR_MIN, CHAR_MAX },

     {"print_section", "print section name", OFFSET(print_section), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    {.i64=1},    0,        1        },
     {"p",             "print section name", OFFSET(print_section), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    {.i64=1},    0,        1        },

     {NULL},
 };
 

 DEFINE_WRITER_CLASS(compact);

 static av_cold int compact_init(WriterContext *wctx)

 {
     CompactContext *compact = wctx->priv;
 
     if (strlen(compact->item_sep_str) != 1) {
         av_log(wctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Item separator '%s' specified, but must contain a single character\n",
                compact->item_sep_str);
         return AVERROR(EINVAL);
     }
     compact->item_sep = compact->item_sep_str[0];
 
     if      (!strcmp(compact->escape_mode_str, "none")) compact->escape_str = none_escape_str;
     else if (!strcmp(compact->escape_mode_str, "c"   )) compact->escape_str = c_escape_str;
     else if (!strcmp(compact->escape_mode_str, "csv" )) compact->escape_str = csv_escape_str;
     else {
         av_log(wctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unknown escape mode '%s'\n", compact->escape_mode_str);
         return AVERROR(EINVAL);
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 

 static void compact_print_section_header(WriterContext *wctx)

 {
     CompactContext *compact = wctx->priv;

     const struct section *section = wctx->section[wctx->level];

     const struct section *parent_section = wctx->level ?
         wctx->section[wctx->level-1] : NULL;

     av_bprint_clear(&wctx->section_pbuf[wctx->level]);

     if (parent_section &&
         !(parent_section->flags & (SECTION_FLAG_IS_WRAPPER|SECTION_FLAG_IS_ARRAY))) {
         compact->nested_section[wctx->level] = 1;

         av_bprintf(&wctx->section_pbuf[wctx->level], "%s%s:",
                    wctx->section_pbuf[wctx->level-1].str,

                    (char *)av_x_if_null(section->element_name, section->name));

         wctx->nb_item[wctx->level] = wctx->nb_item[wctx->level-1];

     } else if (compact->print_section &&

         !(section->flags & (SECTION_FLAG_IS_WRAPPER|SECTION_FLAG_IS_ARRAY)))

        printf("%s%c", section->name, compact->item_sep);

 }
 

 static void compact_print_section_footer(WriterContext *wctx)

 {

     CompactContext *compact = wctx->priv;

     if (!compact->nested_section[wctx->level] &&
         !(wctx->section[wctx->level]->flags & (SECTION_FLAG_IS_WRAPPER|SECTION_FLAG_IS_ARRAY)))

         printf("\n");

 }
 
 static void compact_print_str(WriterContext *wctx, const char *key, const char *value)
 {
     CompactContext *compact = wctx->priv;

     AVBPrint buf;

     if (wctx->nb_item[wctx->level]) printf("%c", compact->item_sep);

     if (!compact->nokey)

         printf("%s%s=", wctx->section_pbuf[wctx->level].str, key);

     av_bprint_init(&buf, 1, AV_BPRINT_SIZE_UNLIMITED);
     printf("%s", compact->escape_str(&buf, value, compact->item_sep, wctx));
     av_bprint_finalize(&buf, NULL);

 }
 

 static void compact_print_int(WriterContext *wctx, const char *key, long long int value)

 {
     CompactContext *compact = wctx->priv;
 

     if (wctx->nb_item[wctx->level]) printf("%c", compact->item_sep);

     if (!compact->nokey)

         printf("%s%s=", wctx->section_pbuf[wctx->level].str, key);

     printf("%lld", value);

 }
 

 static const Writer compact_writer = {

     .name                 = "compact",
     .priv_size            = sizeof(CompactContext),
     .init                 = compact_init,
     .print_section_header = compact_print_section_header,
     .print_section_footer = compact_print_section_footer,
     .print_integer        = compact_print_int,
     .print_string         = compact_print_str,
     .flags = WRITER_FLAG_DISPLAY_OPTIONAL_FIELDS,

     .priv_class           = &compact_class,

 };
 

 /* CSV output */
 

 #undef OFFSET
 #define OFFSET(x) offsetof(CompactContext, x)
 
 static const AVOption csv_options[] = {
     {"item_sep", "set item separator",    OFFSET(item_sep_str),    AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str=","},  CHAR_MIN, CHAR_MAX },
     {"s",        "set item separator",    OFFSET(item_sep_str),    AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str=","},  CHAR_MIN, CHAR_MAX },
     {"nokey",    "force no key printing", OFFSET(nokey),           AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    {.i64=1},    0,        1        },
     {"nk",       "force no key printing", OFFSET(nokey),           AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    {.i64=1},    0,        1        },
     {"escape",   "set escape mode",       OFFSET(escape_mode_str), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str="csv"}, CHAR_MIN, CHAR_MAX },
     {"e",        "set escape mode",       OFFSET(escape_mode_str), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str="csv"}, CHAR_MIN, CHAR_MAX },
     {"print_section", "print section name", OFFSET(print_section), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    {.i64=1},    0,        1        },
     {"p",             "print section name", OFFSET(print_section), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    {.i64=1},    0,        1        },
     {NULL},
 };
 
 DEFINE_WRITER_CLASS(csv);

 static const Writer csv_writer = {

     .name                 = "csv",
     .priv_size            = sizeof(CompactContext),

     .init                 = compact_init,

     .print_section_header = compact_print_section_header,
     .print_section_footer = compact_print_section_footer,
     .print_integer        = compact_print_int,
     .print_string         = compact_print_str,
     .flags = WRITER_FLAG_DISPLAY_OPTIONAL_FIELDS,

     .priv_class           = &csv_class,

 };
 

 /* Flat output */
 
 typedef struct FlatContext {
     const AVClass *class;
     const char *sep_str;
     char sep;
     int hierarchical;
 } FlatContext;
 
 #undef OFFSET
 #define OFFSET(x) offsetof(FlatContext, x)
 
 static const AVOption flat_options[]= {
     {"sep_char", "set separator",    OFFSET(sep_str),    AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str="."},  CHAR_MIN, CHAR_MAX },
     {"s",        "set separator",    OFFSET(sep_str),    AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str="."},  CHAR_MIN, CHAR_MAX },

     {"hierarchical", "specify if the section specification should be hierarchical", OFFSET(hierarchical), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64=1}, 0, 1 },
     {"h",           "specify if the section specification should be hierarchical", OFFSET(hierarchical), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64=1}, 0, 1 },

     {NULL},
 };
 

 DEFINE_WRITER_CLASS(flat);

 static av_cold int flat_init(WriterContext *wctx)

 {
     FlatContext *flat = wctx->priv;
 
     if (strlen(flat->sep_str) != 1) {
         av_log(wctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Item separator '%s' specified, but must contain a single character\n",
                flat->sep_str);
         return AVERROR(EINVAL);
     }
     flat->sep = flat->sep_str[0];

     return 0;
 }
 
 static const char *flat_escape_key_str(AVBPrint *dst, const char *src, const char sep)
 {
     const char *p;
 
     for (p = src; *p; p++) {
         if (!((*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') ||
               (*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z') ||
               (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')))
             av_bprint_chars(dst, '_', 1);
         else
             av_bprint_chars(dst, *p, 1);
     }
     return dst->str;
 }
 
 static const char *flat_escape_value_str(AVBPrint *dst, const char *src)
 {
     const char *p;
 
     for (p = src; *p; p++) {
         switch (*p) {
         case '\n': av_bprintf(dst, "%s", "\\n");  break;
         case '\r': av_bprintf(dst, "%s", "\\r");  break;
         case '\\': av_bprintf(dst, "%s", "\\\\"); break;
         case '"':  av_bprintf(dst, "%s", "\\\""); break;

         case '`':  av_bprintf(dst, "%s", "\\`");  break;
         case '$':  av_bprintf(dst, "%s", "\\$");  break;

         default:   av_bprint_chars(dst, *p, 1);   break;
         }
     }
     return dst->str;
 }
 

 static void flat_print_section_header(WriterContext *wctx)

 {
     FlatContext *flat = wctx->priv;

     AVBPrint *buf = &wctx->section_pbuf[wctx->level];

     const struct section *section = wctx->section[wctx->level];
     const struct section *parent_section = wctx->level ?
         wctx->section[wctx->level-1] : NULL;

     /* build section header */
     av_bprint_clear(buf);

     if (!parent_section)
         return;

     av_bprintf(buf, "%s", wctx->section_pbuf[wctx->level-1].str);

     if (flat->hierarchical ||
         !(section->flags & (SECTION_FLAG_IS_ARRAY|SECTION_FLAG_IS_WRAPPER))) {
         av_bprintf(buf, "%s%s", wctx->section[wctx->level]->name, flat->sep_str);

         if (parent_section->flags & SECTION_FLAG_IS_ARRAY) {
             int n = parent_section->id == SECTION_ID_PACKETS_AND_FRAMES ?
                 wctx->nb_section_packet_frame : wctx->nb_item[wctx->level-1];
             av_bprintf(buf, "%d%s", n, flat->sep_str);
         }

     }

 }
 
 static void flat_print_int(WriterContext *wctx, const char *key, long long int value)
 {

     printf("%s%s=%lld\n", wctx->section_pbuf[wctx->level].str, key, value);

 }
 
 static void flat_print_str(WriterContext *wctx, const char *key, const char *value)
 {
     FlatContext *flat = wctx->priv;
     AVBPrint buf;
 

     printf("%s", wctx->section_pbuf[wctx->level].str);

     av_bprint_init(&buf, 1, AV_BPRINT_SIZE_UNLIMITED);
     printf("%s=", flat_escape_key_str(&buf, key, flat->sep));
     av_bprint_clear(&buf);
     printf("\"%s\"\n", flat_escape_value_str(&buf, value));
     av_bprint_finalize(&buf, NULL);
 }
 
 static const Writer flat_writer = {
     .name                  = "flat",
     .priv_size             = sizeof(FlatContext),
     .init                  = flat_init,
     .print_section_header  = flat_print_section_header,
     .print_integer         = flat_print_int,
     .print_string          = flat_print_str,
     .flags = WRITER_FLAG_DISPLAY_OPTIONAL_FIELDS|WRITER_FLAG_PUT_PACKETS_AND_FRAMES_IN_SAME_CHAPTER,

     .priv_class            = &flat_class,

 };
 

 /* INI format output */
 
 typedef struct {
     const AVClass *class;
     int hierarchical;
 } INIContext;
 
 #undef OFFSET
 #define OFFSET(x) offsetof(INIContext, x)
 
 static const AVOption ini_options[] = {

     {"hierarchical", "specify if the section specification should be hierarchical", OFFSET(hierarchical), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64=1}, 0, 1 },
     {"h",           "specify if the section specification should be hierarchical", OFFSET(hierarchical), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64=1}, 0, 1 },

     {NULL},
 };
 

 DEFINE_WRITER_CLASS(ini);

 
 static char *ini_escape_str(AVBPrint *dst, const char *src)
 {
     int i = 0;
     char c = 0;
 
     while (c = src[i++]) {
         switch (c) {
         case '\b': av_bprintf(dst, "%s", "\\b"); break;
         case '\f': av_bprintf(dst, "%s", "\\f"); break;
         case '\n': av_bprintf(dst, "%s", "\\n"); break;
         case '\r': av_bprintf(dst, "%s", "\\r"); break;
         case '\t': av_bprintf(dst, "%s", "\\t"); break;
         case '\\':
         case '#' :
         case '=' :
         case ':' : av_bprint_chars(dst, '\\', 1);
         default:
             if ((unsigned char)c < 32)
                 av_bprintf(dst, "\\x00%02x", c & 0xff);
             else
                 av_bprint_chars(dst, c, 1);
             break;
         }
     }
     return dst->str;
 }
 

 static void ini_print_section_header(WriterContext *wctx)

 {
     INIContext *ini = wctx->priv;

     AVBPrint *buf = &wctx->section_pbuf[wctx->level];

     const struct section *section = wctx->section[wctx->level];
     const struct section *parent_section = wctx->level ?
         wctx->section[wctx->level-1] : NULL;

     av_bprint_clear(buf);
     if (!parent_section) {

         printf("# ffprobe output\n\n");
         return;
     }

     if (wctx->nb_item[wctx->level-1])

         printf("\n");
 

     av_bprintf(buf, "%s", wctx->section_pbuf[wctx->level-1].str);

     if (ini->hierarchical ||
         !(section->flags & (SECTION_FLAG_IS_ARRAY|SECTION_FLAG_IS_WRAPPER))) {
         av_bprintf(buf, "%s%s", buf->str[0] ? "." : "", wctx->section[wctx->level]->name);

         if (parent_section->flags & SECTION_FLAG_IS_ARRAY) {
             int n = parent_section->id == SECTION_ID_PACKETS_AND_FRAMES ?
                 wctx->nb_section_packet_frame : wctx->nb_item[wctx->level-1];
             av_bprintf(buf, ".%d", n);
         }

     }

     if (!(section->flags & (SECTION_FLAG_IS_ARRAY|SECTION_FLAG_IS_WRAPPER)))

         printf("[%s]\n", buf->str);

 }
 
 static void ini_print_str(WriterContext *wctx, const char *key, const char *value)
 {
     AVBPrint buf;
 
     av_bprint_init(&buf, 1, AV_BPRINT_SIZE_UNLIMITED);
     printf("%s=", ini_escape_str(&buf, key));
     av_bprint_clear(&buf);
     printf("%s\n", ini_escape_str(&buf, value));
     av_bprint_finalize(&buf, NULL);
 }
 
 static void ini_print_int(WriterContext *wctx, const char *key, long long int value)
 {
     printf("%s=%lld\n", key, value);
 }
 
 static const Writer ini_writer = {
     .name                  = "ini",
     .priv_size             = sizeof(INIContext),
     .print_section_header  = ini_print_section_header,
     .print_integer         = ini_print_int,
     .print_string          = ini_print_str,
     .flags = WRITER_FLAG_DISPLAY_OPTIONAL_FIELDS|WRITER_FLAG_PUT_PACKETS_AND_FRAMES_IN_SAME_CHAPTER,

     .priv_class            = &ini_class,

 };
 

 /* JSON output */
 
 typedef struct {

     const AVClass *class;

     int indent_level;

     int compact;
     const char *item_sep, *item_start_end;

 } JSONContext;
 

 #undef OFFSET
 #define OFFSET(x) offsetof(JSONContext, x)
 
 static const AVOption json_options[]= {

     { "compact", "enable compact output", OFFSET(compact), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64=0}, 0, 1 },
     { "c",       "enable compact output", OFFSET(compact), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64=0}, 0, 1 },

     { NULL }
 };
 

 DEFINE_WRITER_CLASS(json);

 static av_cold int json_init(WriterContext *wctx)

 {
     JSONContext *json = wctx->priv;

 
     json->item_sep       = json->compact ? ", " : ",\n";
     json->item_start_end = json->compact ? " "  : "\n";

 
     return 0;
 }
 

 static const char *json_escape_str(AVBPrint *dst, const char *src, void *log_ctx)

 {
     static const char json_escape[] = {'"', '\\', '\b', '\f', '\n', '\r', '\t', 0};
     static const char json_subst[]  = {'"', '\\',  'b',  'f',  'n',  'r',  't', 0};

     const char *p;
 
     for (p = src; *p; p++) {
         char *s = strchr(json_escape, *p);
         if (s) {

             av_bprint_chars(dst, '\\', 1);
             av_bprint_chars(dst, json_subst[s - json_escape], 1);

         } else if ((unsigned char)*p < 32) {

             av_bprintf(dst, "\\u00%02x", *p & 0xff);

         } else {

             av_bprint_chars(dst, *p, 1);

         }
     }

     return dst->str;

 }
 

 #define JSON_INDENT() printf("%*c", json->indent_level * 4, ' ')
 

 static void json_print_section_header(WriterContext *wctx)

 {
     JSONContext *json = wctx->priv;

     AVBPrint buf;

     const struct section *section = wctx->section[wctx->level];
     const struct section *parent_section = wctx->level ?
         wctx->section[wctx->level-1] : NULL;

     if (wctx->level && wctx->nb_item[wctx->level-1])
         printf(",\n");
 
     if (section->flags & SECTION_FLAG_IS_WRAPPER) {
         printf("{\n");
         json->indent_level++;
     } else {

         av_bprint_init(&buf, 1, AV_BPRINT_SIZE_UNLIMITED);

         json_escape_str(&buf, section->name, wctx);
         JSON_INDENT();
 

         json->indent_level++;

         if (section->flags & SECTION_FLAG_IS_ARRAY) {
             printf("\"%s\": [\n", buf.str);

         } else if (parent_section && !(parent_section->flags & SECTION_FLAG_IS_ARRAY)) {

             printf("\"%s\": {%s", buf.str, json->item_start_end);
         } else {
             printf("{%s", json->item_start_end);
 
             /* this is required so the parser can distinguish between packets and frames */

             if (parent_section && parent_section->id == SECTION_ID_PACKETS_AND_FRAMES) {

                 if (!json->compact)
                     JSON_INDENT();
                 printf("\"type\": \"%s\"%s", section->name, json->item_sep);
             }
         }
         av_bprint_finalize(&buf, NULL);

     }

 }
 

 static void json_print_section_footer(WriterContext *wctx)

 {
     JSONContext *json = wctx->priv;

     const struct section *section = wctx->section[wctx->level];

     if (wctx->level == 0) {
         json->indent_level--;
         printf("\n}\n");
     } else if (section->flags & SECTION_FLAG_IS_ARRAY) {

         printf("\n");

         json->indent_level--;

         JSON_INDENT();
         printf("]");

     } else {
         printf("%s", json->item_start_end);
         json->indent_level--;

         if (!json->compact)
             JSON_INDENT();

         printf("}");

     }

 }
 
 static inline void json_print_item_str(WriterContext *wctx,

                                        const char *key, const char *value)

 {

     AVBPrint buf;

     av_bprint_init(&buf, 1, AV_BPRINT_SIZE_UNLIMITED);
     printf("\"%s\":", json_escape_str(&buf, key,   wctx));

     av_bprint_clear(&buf);

     printf(" \"%s\"", json_escape_str(&buf, value, wctx));
     av_bprint_finalize(&buf, NULL);

 }
 
 static void json_print_str(WriterContext *wctx, const char *key, const char *value)
 {

     JSONContext *json = wctx->priv;
 

     if (wctx->nb_item[wctx->level])
         printf("%s", json->item_sep);

     if (!json->compact)
         JSON_INDENT();

     json_print_item_str(wctx, key, value);

 }
 

 static void json_print_int(WriterContext *wctx, const char *key, long long int value)

 {

     JSONContext *json = wctx->priv;

     AVBPrint buf;

     if (wctx->nb_item[wctx->level])
         printf("%s", json->item_sep);

     if (!json->compact)
         JSON_INDENT();

 
     av_bprint_init(&buf, 1, AV_BPRINT_SIZE_UNLIMITED);
     printf("\"%s\": %lld", json_escape_str(&buf, key, wctx), value);
     av_bprint_finalize(&buf, NULL);

 }

 static const Writer json_writer = {

     .name                 = "json",
     .priv_size            = sizeof(JSONContext),

     .init                 = json_init,

     .print_section_header = json_print_section_header,
     .print_section_footer = json_print_section_footer,
     .print_integer        = json_print_int,
     .print_string         = json_print_str,

     .flags = WRITER_FLAG_PUT_PACKETS_AND_FRAMES_IN_SAME_CHAPTER,

     .priv_class           = &json_class,

 };
 

 /* XML output */
 
 typedef struct {
     const AVClass *class;
     int within_tag;
     int indent_level;
     int fully_qualified;
     int xsd_strict;
 } XMLContext;
 
 #undef OFFSET
 #define OFFSET(x) offsetof(XMLContext, x)
 
 static const AVOption xml_options[] = {

     {"fully_qualified", "specify if the output should be fully qualified", OFFSET(fully_qualified), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64=0},  0, 1 },
     {"q",               "specify if the output should be fully qualified", OFFSET(fully_qualified), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64=0},  0, 1 },
     {"xsd_strict",      "ensure that the output is XSD compliant",         OFFSET(xsd_strict),      AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64=0},  0, 1 },
     {"x",               "ensure that the output is XSD compliant",         OFFSET(xsd_strict),      AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64=0},  0, 1 },

     {NULL},
 };
 

 DEFINE_WRITER_CLASS(xml);

 static av_cold int xml_init(WriterContext *wctx)

 {
     XMLContext *xml = wctx->priv;
 
     if (xml->xsd_strict) {
         xml->fully_qualified = 1;
 #define CHECK_COMPLIANCE(opt, opt_name)                                 \
         if (opt) {                                                      \
             av_log(wctx, AV_LOG_ERROR,                                  \
                    "XSD-compliant output selected but option '%s' was selected, XML output may be non-compliant.\n" \
                    "You need to disable such option with '-no%s'\n", opt_name, opt_name); \

             return AVERROR(EINVAL);                                     \

         }
         CHECK_COMPLIANCE(show_private_data, "private");
         CHECK_COMPLIANCE(show_value_unit,   "unit");
         CHECK_COMPLIANCE(use_value_prefix,  "prefix");

 
         if (do_show_frames && do_show_packets) {
             av_log(wctx, AV_LOG_ERROR,
                    "Interleaved frames and packets are not allowed in XSD. "
                    "Select only one between the -show_frames and the -show_packets options.\n");
             return AVERROR(EINVAL);
         }

     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 

 static const char *xml_escape_str(AVBPrint *dst, const char *src, void *log_ctx)

 {
     const char *p;
 

     for (p = src; *p; p++) {

         switch (*p) {

         case '&' : av_bprintf(dst, "%s", "&");  break;
         case '<' : av_bprintf(dst, "%s", "&lt;");   break;
         case '>' : av_bprintf(dst, "%s", "&gt;");   break;

         case '"' : av_bprintf(dst, "%s", """); break;

         case '\'': av_bprintf(dst, "%s", "'"); break;
         default: av_bprint_chars(dst, *p, 1);

         }
     }
 

     return dst->str;

 }
 

 #define XML_INDENT() printf("%*c", xml->indent_level * 4, ' ')

 static void xml_print_section_header(WriterContext *wctx)

 {
     XMLContext *xml = wctx->priv;

     const struct section *section = wctx->section[wctx->level];
     const struct section *parent_section = wctx->level ?
         wctx->section[wctx->level-1] : NULL;
 
     if (wctx->level == 0) {
         const char *qual = " xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' "
             "xmlns:ffprobe='http://www.ffmpeg.org/schema/ffprobe' "
             "xsi:schemaLocation='http://www.ffmpeg.org/schema/ffprobe ffprobe.xsd'";
 
         printf("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n");
         printf("<%sffprobe%s>\n",
                xml->fully_qualified ? "ffprobe:" : "",
                xml->fully_qualified ? qual : "");
         return;

     }
 

     if (xml->within_tag) {
         xml->within_tag = 0;
         printf(">\n");

     }

     if (section->flags & SECTION_FLAG_HAS_VARIABLE_FIELDS) {

         xml->indent_level++;
     } else {

         if (parent_section && (parent_section->flags & SECTION_FLAG_IS_WRAPPER) &&
             wctx->level && wctx->nb_item[wctx->level-1])
             printf("\n");

         xml->indent_level++;

         if (section->flags & SECTION_FLAG_IS_ARRAY) {
             XML_INDENT(); printf("<%s>\n", section->name);
         } else {
             XML_INDENT(); printf("<%s ", section->name);
             xml->within_tag = 1;
         }
     }

 }
 

 static void xml_print_section_footer(WriterContext *wctx)

 {
     XMLContext *xml = wctx->priv;

     const struct section *section = wctx->section[wctx->level];

     if (wctx->level == 0) {
         printf("</%sffprobe>\n", xml->fully_qualified ? "ffprobe:" : "");
     } else if (xml->within_tag) {
         xml->within_tag = 0;

         printf("/>\n");

         xml->indent_level--;

     } else if (section->flags & SECTION_FLAG_HAS_VARIABLE_FIELDS) {

         xml->indent_level--;
     } else {
         XML_INDENT(); printf("</%s>\n", section->name);
         xml->indent_level--;

     }
 }
 
 static void xml_print_str(WriterContext *wctx, const char *key, const char *value)
 {

     AVBPrint buf;

     XMLContext *xml = wctx->priv;
     const struct section *section = wctx->section[wctx->level];

     av_bprint_init(&buf, 1, AV_BPRINT_SIZE_UNLIMITED);

     if (section->flags & SECTION_FLAG_HAS_VARIABLE_FIELDS) {

         XML_INDENT();

         printf("<%s key=\"%s\"",
                section->element_name, xml_escape_str(&buf, key, wctx));

         av_bprint_clear(&buf);
         printf(" value=\"%s\"/>\n", xml_escape_str(&buf, value, wctx));
     } else {
         if (wctx->nb_item[wctx->level])
             printf(" ");
         printf("%s=\"%s\"", key, xml_escape_str(&buf, value, wctx));
     }
 

     av_bprint_finalize(&buf, NULL);

 }
 
 static void xml_print_int(WriterContext *wctx, const char *key, long long int value)
 {

     if (wctx->nb_item[wctx->level])

         printf(" ");
     printf("%s=\"%lld\"", key, value);
 }
 
 static Writer xml_writer = {
     .name                 = "xml",
     .priv_size            = sizeof(XMLContext),
     .init                 = xml_init,
     .print_section_header = xml_print_section_header,
     .print_section_footer = xml_print_section_footer,
     .print_integer        = xml_print_int,
     .print_string         = xml_print_str,

     .flags = WRITER_FLAG_PUT_PACKETS_AND_FRAMES_IN_SAME_CHAPTER,

     .priv_class           = &xml_class,

 };
 

 static void writer_register_all(void)
 {
     static int initialized;
 
     if (initialized)
         return;
     initialized = 1;
 
     writer_register(&default_writer);

     writer_register(&compact_writer);

     writer_register(&csv_writer);

     writer_register(&flat_writer);

     writer_register(&ini_writer);

     writer_register(&json_writer);

     writer_register(&xml_writer);

 }
 
 #define print_fmt(k, f, ...) do {              \

     av_bprint_clear(&pbuf);                    \
     av_bprintf(&pbuf, f, __VA_ARGS__);         \
     writer_print_string(w, k, pbuf.str, 0);    \

 } while (0)
 
 #define print_int(k, v)         writer_print_integer(w, k, v)

 #define print_q(k, v, s)        writer_print_rational(w, k, v, s)

 #define print_str(k, v)         writer_print_string(w, k, v, 0)
 #define print_str_opt(k, v)     writer_print_string(w, k, v, 1)

 #define print_time(k, v, tb)    writer_print_time(w, k, v, tb, 0)
 #define print_ts(k, v)          writer_print_ts(w, k, v, 0)
 #define print_duration_time(k, v, tb) writer_print_time(w, k, v, tb, 1)
 #define print_duration_ts(k, v)       writer_print_ts(w, k, v, 1)

 #define print_val(k, v, u) do {                                     \
     struct unit_value uv;                                           \
     uv.val.i = v;                                                   \
     uv.unit = u;                                                    \
     writer_print_string(w, k, value_string(val_str, sizeof(val_str), uv), 0); \
 } while (0)
 

 #define print_section_header(s) writer_print_section_header(w, s)
 #define print_section_footer(s) writer_print_section_footer(w, s)

 
 static inline void show_tags(WriterContext *wctx, AVDictionary *tags, int section_id)
 {
     AVDictionaryEntry *tag = NULL;
 
     if (!tags)
         return;
     writer_print_section_header(wctx, section_id);
     while ((tag = av_dict_get(tags, "", tag, AV_DICT_IGNORE_SUFFIX)))
         writer_print_string(wctx, tag->key, tag->value, 0);
     writer_print_section_footer(wctx);
 }

 
 static void show_packet(WriterContext *w, AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx, AVPacket *pkt, int packet_idx)

 {
     char val_str[128];
     AVStream *st = fmt_ctx->streams[pkt->stream_index];

     AVBPrint pbuf;

     const char *s;

     av_bprint_init(&pbuf, 1, AV_BPRINT_SIZE_UNLIMITED);
 

     writer_print_section_header(w, SECTION_ID_PACKET);
 

     s = av_get_media_type_string(st->codec->codec_type);
     if (s) print_str    ("codec_type", s);
     else   print_str_opt("codec_type", "unknown");

     print_int("stream_index",     pkt->stream_index);

     print_ts  ("pts",             pkt->pts);
     print_time("pts_time",        pkt->pts, &st->time_base);
     print_ts  ("dts",             pkt->dts);
     print_time("dts_time",        pkt->dts, &st->time_base);

     print_duration_ts("duration",        pkt->duration);
     print_duration_time("duration_time", pkt->duration, &st->time_base);

     print_duration_ts("convergence_duration", pkt->convergence_duration);
     print_duration_time("convergence_duration_time", pkt->convergence_duration, &st->time_base);

     print_val("size",             pkt->size, unit_byte_str);

     if (pkt->pos != -1) print_fmt    ("pos", "%"PRId64, pkt->pos);
     else                print_str_opt("pos", "N/A");

     print_fmt("flags", "%c",      pkt->flags & AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY ? 'K' : '_');

     if (do_show_data)
         writer_print_data(w, "data", pkt->data, pkt->size);

     writer_print_section_footer(w);

     av_bprint_finalize(&pbuf, NULL);

     fflush(stdout);

 }
 

 static void show_frame(WriterContext *w, AVFrame *frame, AVStream *stream,
                        AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx)

 {

     AVBPrint pbuf;

     const char *s;
 

     av_bprint_init(&pbuf, 1, AV_BPRINT_SIZE_UNLIMITED);
 

     writer_print_section_header(w, SECTION_ID_FRAME);

 
     s = av_get_media_type_string(stream->codec->codec_type);
     if (s) print_str    ("media_type", s);
     else   print_str_opt("media_type", "unknown");
     print_int("key_frame",              frame->key_frame);
     print_ts  ("pkt_pts",               frame->pkt_pts);
     print_time("pkt_pts_time",          frame->pkt_pts, &stream->time_base);
     print_ts  ("pkt_dts",               frame->pkt_dts);
     print_time("pkt_dts_time",          frame->pkt_dts, &stream->time_base);

     print_duration_ts  ("pkt_duration",      av_frame_get_pkt_duration(frame));
     print_duration_time("pkt_duration_time", av_frame_get_pkt_duration(frame), &stream->time_base);
     if (av_frame_get_pkt_pos (frame) != -1) print_fmt    ("pkt_pos", "%"PRId64, av_frame_get_pkt_pos(frame));

     else                      print_str_opt("pkt_pos", "N/A");

     if (av_frame_get_pkt_size(frame) != -1) print_fmt    ("pkt_size", "%d", av_frame_get_pkt_size(frame));

     else                       print_str_opt("pkt_size", "N/A");

 
     switch (stream->codec->codec_type) {

         AVRational sar;
 

     case AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO:

         print_int("width",                  frame->width);
         print_int("height",                 frame->height);
         s = av_get_pix_fmt_name(frame->format);
         if (s) print_str    ("pix_fmt", s);
         else   print_str_opt("pix_fmt", "unknown");

         sar = av_guess_sample_aspect_ratio(fmt_ctx, stream, frame);
         if (sar.num) {
             print_q("sample_aspect_ratio", sar, ':');

         } else {
             print_str_opt("sample_aspect_ratio", "N/A");
         }
         print_fmt("pict_type",              "%c", av_get_picture_type_char(frame->pict_type));
         print_int("coded_picture_number",   frame->coded_picture_number);
         print_int("display_picture_number", frame->display_picture_number);
         print_int("interlaced_frame",       frame->interlaced_frame);
         print_int("top_field_first",        frame->top_field_first);
         print_int("repeat_pict",            frame->repeat_pict);
         print_int("reference",              frame->reference);
         break;

 
     case AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO:
         s = av_get_sample_fmt_name(frame->format);
         if (s) print_str    ("sample_fmt", s);
         else   print_str_opt("sample_fmt", "unknown");
         print_int("nb_samples",         frame->nb_samples);

         print_int("channels", av_frame_get_channels(frame));
         if (av_frame_get_channel_layout(frame)) {
             av_bprint_clear(&pbuf);
             av_bprint_channel_layout(&pbuf, av_frame_get_channels(frame),
                                      av_frame_get_channel_layout(frame));
             print_str    ("channel_layout", pbuf.str);
         } else
             print_str_opt("channel_layout", "unknown");

         break;
     }

     show_tags(w, av_frame_get_metadata(frame), SECTION_ID_FRAME_TAGS);

     writer_print_section_footer(w);

     av_bprint_finalize(&pbuf, NULL);

     fflush(stdout);
 }
 

 static av_always_inline int process_frame(WriterContext *w,
                                           AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx,
                                           AVFrame *frame, AVPacket *pkt)

 {
     AVCodecContext *dec_ctx = fmt_ctx->streams[pkt->stream_index]->codec;

     int ret = 0, got_frame = 0;

     avcodec_get_frame_defaults(frame);

     if (dec_ctx->codec) {

         switch (dec_ctx->codec_type) {
         case AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO:

             ret = avcodec_decode_video2(dec_ctx, frame, &got_frame, pkt);

             break;

         case AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO:

             ret = avcodec_decode_audio4(dec_ctx, frame, &got_frame, pkt);

             break;
         }

     }

     if (ret < 0)
         return ret;
     ret = FFMIN(ret, pkt->size); /* guard against bogus return values */
     pkt->data += ret;
     pkt->size -= ret;
     if (got_frame) {
         nb_streams_frames[pkt->stream_index]++;
         if (do_show_frames)
             show_frame(w, frame, fmt_ctx->streams[pkt->stream_index], fmt_ctx);
     }
     return got_frame;

 }
 

 static void read_packets(WriterContext *w, AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx)

 {

     AVPacket pkt, pkt1;

     AVFrame frame;

     int i = 0;

 
     av_init_packet(&pkt);
 

     while (!av_read_frame(fmt_ctx, &pkt)) {

         if (selected_streams[pkt.stream_index]) {

             if (do_read_packets) {
                 if (do_show_packets)
                     show_packet(w, fmt_ctx, &pkt, i++);
                 nb_streams_packets[pkt.stream_index]++;
             }
             if (do_read_frames) {
                 pkt1 = pkt;
                 while (pkt1.size && process_frame(w, fmt_ctx, &frame, &pkt1) > 0);
             }

         }

         av_free_packet(&pkt);

     }
     av_init_packet(&pkt);
     pkt.data = NULL;
     pkt.size = 0;
     //Flush remaining frames that are cached in the decoder
     for (i = 0; i < fmt_ctx->nb_streams; i++) {
         pkt.stream_index = i;

         if (do_read_frames)
             while (process_frame(w, fmt_ctx, &frame, &pkt) > 0);

     }

 }
 

 static void show_stream(WriterContext *w, AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx, int stream_idx)

 {
     AVStream *stream = fmt_ctx->streams[stream_idx];
     AVCodecContext *dec_ctx;

     const AVCodec *dec;

     char val_str[128];

     const char *s;

     AVRational sar, dar;

     AVBPrint pbuf;
 
     av_bprint_init(&pbuf, 1, AV_BPRINT_SIZE_UNLIMITED);

     writer_print_section_header(w, SECTION_ID_STREAM);

     print_int("index", stream->index);

 
     if ((dec_ctx = stream->codec)) {

         const char *profile = NULL;

         dec = dec_ctx->codec;
         if (dec) {
             print_str("codec_name", dec->name);
             if (!do_bitexact) {

                 if (dec->long_name) print_str    ("codec_long_name", dec->long_name);
                 else                print_str_opt("codec_long_name", "unknown");

             }

         } else {

             print_str_opt("codec_name", "unknown");

             if (!do_bitexact) {

                 print_str_opt("codec_long_name", "unknown");

             }

         }
 

         if (dec && (profile = av_get_profile_name(dec, dec_ctx->profile)))
             print_str("profile", profile);
         else
             print_str_opt("profile", "unknown");
 

         s = av_get_media_type_string(dec_ctx->codec_type);
         if (s) print_str    ("codec_type", s);
         else   print_str_opt("codec_type", "unknown");

         print_q("codec_time_base", dec_ctx->time_base, '/');

 
         /* print AVI/FourCC tag */

         av_get_codec_tag_string(val_str, sizeof(val_str), dec_ctx->codec_tag);

         print_str("codec_tag_string",    val_str);
         print_fmt("codec_tag", "0x%04x", dec_ctx->codec_tag);

 
         switch (dec_ctx->codec_type) {

         case AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO:

             print_int("width",        dec_ctx->width);
             print_int("height",       dec_ctx->height);
             print_int("has_b_frames", dec_ctx->has_b_frames);

             sar = av_guess_sample_aspect_ratio(fmt_ctx, stream, NULL);
             if (sar.den) {
                 print_q("sample_aspect_ratio", sar, ':');
                 av_reduce(&dar.num, &dar.den,
                           dec_ctx->width  * sar.num,
                           dec_ctx->height * sar.den,

                           1024*1024);

                 print_q("display_aspect_ratio", dar, ':');

             } else {
                 print_str_opt("sample_aspect_ratio", "N/A");
                 print_str_opt("display_aspect_ratio", "N/A");

             }

             s = av_get_pix_fmt_name(dec_ctx->pix_fmt);
             if (s) print_str    ("pix_fmt", s);
             else   print_str_opt("pix_fmt", "unknown");

             print_int("level",   dec_ctx->level);

             if (dec_ctx->timecode_frame_start >= 0) {

                 char tcbuf[AV_TIMECODE_STR_SIZE];
                 av_timecode_make_mpeg_tc_string(tcbuf, dec_ctx->timecode_frame_start);
                 print_str("timecode", tcbuf);

             } else {
                 print_str_opt("timecode", "N/A");
             }

             break;
 

         case AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO:

             s = av_get_sample_fmt_name(dec_ctx->sample_fmt);
             if (s) print_str    ("sample_fmt", s);
             else   print_str_opt("sample_fmt", "unknown");

             print_val("sample_rate",     dec_ctx->sample_rate, unit_hertz_str);

             print_int("channels",        dec_ctx->channels);
             print_int("bits_per_sample", av_get_bits_per_sample(dec_ctx->codec_id));

             break;
         }
     } else {

         print_str_opt("codec_type", "unknown");

     }

     if (dec_ctx->codec && dec_ctx->codec->priv_class && show_private_data) {

         const AVOption *opt = NULL;

         while (opt = av_opt_next(dec_ctx->priv_data,opt)) {
             uint8_t *str;
             if (opt->flags) continue;
             if (av_opt_get(dec_ctx->priv_data, opt->name, 0, &str) >= 0) {
                 print_str(opt->name, str);
                 av_free(str);
             }
         }
     }

     if (fmt_ctx->iformat->flags & AVFMT_SHOW_IDS) print_fmt    ("id", "0x%x", stream->id);
     else                                          print_str_opt("id", "N/A");

     print_q("r_frame_rate",   stream->r_frame_rate,   '/');
     print_q("avg_frame_rate", stream->avg_frame_rate, '/');
     print_q("time_base",      stream->time_base,      '/');

     print_ts  ("start_pts",   stream->start_time);
     print_time("start_time",  stream->start_time, &stream->time_base);
     print_ts  ("duration_ts", stream->duration);
     print_time("duration",    stream->duration, &stream->time_base);

     if (dec_ctx->bit_rate > 0) print_val    ("bit_rate", dec_ctx->bit_rate, unit_bit_per_second_str);
     else                       print_str_opt("bit_rate", "N/A");

     if (stream->nb_frames) print_fmt    ("nb_frames", "%"PRId64, stream->nb_frames);
     else                   print_str_opt("nb_frames", "N/A");

     if (nb_streams_frames[stream_idx])  print_fmt    ("nb_read_frames", "%"PRIu64, nb_streams_frames[stream_idx]);
     else                                print_str_opt("nb_read_frames", "N/A");
     if (nb_streams_packets[stream_idx]) print_fmt    ("nb_read_packets", "%"PRIu64, nb_streams_packets[stream_idx]);
     else                                print_str_opt("nb_read_packets", "N/A");

     if (do_show_data)
         writer_print_data(w, "extradata", dec_ctx->extradata,
                                           dec_ctx->extradata_size);

 
     /* Print disposition information */
 #define PRINT_DISPOSITION(flagname, name) do {                                \
         print_int(name, !!(stream->disposition & AV_DISPOSITION_##flagname)); \
     } while (0)
 

     if (do_show_stream_disposition) {

     writer_print_section_header(w, SECTION_ID_STREAM_DISPOSITION);
     PRINT_DISPOSITION(DEFAULT,          "default");
     PRINT_DISPOSITION(DUB,              "dub");
     PRINT_DISPOSITION(ORIGINAL,         "original");
     PRINT_DISPOSITION(COMMENT,          "comment");
     PRINT_DISPOSITION(LYRICS,           "lyrics");
     PRINT_DISPOSITION(KARAOKE,          "karaoke");
     PRINT_DISPOSITION(FORCED,           "forced");
     PRINT_DISPOSITION(HEARING_IMPAIRED, "hearing_impaired");
     PRINT_DISPOSITION(VISUAL_IMPAIRED,  "visual_impaired");
     PRINT_DISPOSITION(CLEAN_EFFECTS,    "clean_effects");
     PRINT_DISPOSITION(ATTACHED_PIC,     "attached_pic");
     writer_print_section_footer(w);

     }

     show_tags(w, stream->metadata, SECTION_ID_STREAM_TAGS);

     writer_print_section_footer(w);

     av_bprint_finalize(&pbuf, NULL);

     fflush(stdout);

 }
 

 static void show_streams(WriterContext *w, AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx)

 {
     int i;

     writer_print_section_header(w, SECTION_ID_STREAMS);

     for (i = 0; i < fmt_ctx->nb_streams; i++)

         if (selected_streams[i])
             show_stream(w, fmt_ctx, i);

     writer_print_section_footer(w);

 }
 

 static void show_format(WriterContext *w, AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx)

 {
     char val_str[128];

     int64_t size = fmt_ctx->pb ? avio_size(fmt_ctx->pb) : -1;

     writer_print_section_header(w, SECTION_ID_FORMAT);

     print_str("filename",         fmt_ctx->filename);

     print_int("nb_streams",       fmt_ctx->nb_streams);
     print_str("format_name",      fmt_ctx->iformat->name);

     if (!do_bitexact) {

         if (fmt_ctx->iformat->long_name) print_str    ("format_long_name", fmt_ctx->iformat->long_name);
         else                             print_str_opt("format_long_name", "unknown");

     }

     print_time("start_time",      fmt_ctx->start_time, &AV_TIME_BASE_Q);
     print_time("duration",        fmt_ctx->duration,   &AV_TIME_BASE_Q);

     if (size >= 0) print_val    ("size", size, unit_byte_str);
     else           print_str_opt("size", "N/A");
     if (fmt_ctx->bit_rate > 0) print_val    ("bit_rate", fmt_ctx->bit_rate, unit_bit_per_second_str);
     else                       print_str_opt("bit_rate", "N/A");

     show_tags(w, fmt_ctx->metadata, SECTION_ID_FORMAT_TAGS);
 
     writer_print_section_footer(w);

     fflush(stdout);

 }
 

 static void show_error(WriterContext *w, int err)
 {
     char errbuf[128];
     const char *errbuf_ptr = errbuf;
 
     if (av_strerror(err, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)) < 0)
         errbuf_ptr = strerror(AVUNERROR(err));
 

     writer_print_section_header(w, SECTION_ID_ERROR);

     print_int("code", err);
     print_str("string", errbuf_ptr);

     writer_print_section_footer(w);

 }
 

 static int open_input_file(AVFormatContext **fmt_ctx_ptr, const char *filename)
 {
     int err, i;

     AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx = NULL;
     AVDictionaryEntry *t;

     if ((err = avformat_open_input(&fmt_ctx, filename,
                                    iformat, &format_opts)) < 0) {

         print_error(filename, err);
         return err;
     }

     if ((t = av_dict_get(format_opts, "", NULL, AV_DICT_IGNORE_SUFFIX))) {
         av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Option %s not found.\n", t->key);
         return AVERROR_OPTION_NOT_FOUND;
     }
 

 
     /* fill the streams in the format context */

     if ((err = avformat_find_stream_info(fmt_ctx, NULL)) < 0) {

         print_error(filename, err);
         return err;
     }
 

     av_dump_format(fmt_ctx, 0, filename, 0);

 
     /* bind a decoder to each input stream */
     for (i = 0; i < fmt_ctx->nb_streams; i++) {
         AVStream *stream = fmt_ctx->streams[i];
         AVCodec *codec;
 

         if (stream->codec->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_PROBE) {

             av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR,
                    "Failed to probe codec for input stream %d\n",
                     stream->index);
         } else if (!(codec = avcodec_find_decoder(stream->codec->codec_id))) {

             av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR,
                     "Unsupported codec with id %d for input stream %d\n",
                     stream->codec->codec_id, stream->index);

         } else if (avcodec_open2(stream->codec, codec, NULL) < 0) {

             av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Error while opening codec for input stream %d\n",
                    stream->index);

         }
     }
 
     *fmt_ctx_ptr = fmt_ctx;
     return 0;
 }
 

 static void close_input_file(AVFormatContext **ctx_ptr)
 {
     int i;
     AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx = *ctx_ptr;
 
     /* close decoder for each stream */
     for (i = 0; i < fmt_ctx->nb_streams; i++)

         if (fmt_ctx->streams[i]->codec->codec_id != AV_CODEC_ID_NONE)

             avcodec_close(fmt_ctx->streams[i]->codec);
 
     avformat_close_input(ctx_ptr);
 }
 

 static int probe_file(WriterContext *wctx, const char *filename)

 {
     AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx;

     int ret, i;

     int section_id;

     do_read_frames = do_show_frames || do_count_frames;
     do_read_packets = do_show_packets || do_count_packets;
 

     ret = open_input_file(&fmt_ctx, filename);
     if (ret >= 0) {

         nb_streams_frames  = av_calloc(fmt_ctx->nb_streams, sizeof(*nb_streams_frames));
         nb_streams_packets = av_calloc(fmt_ctx->nb_streams, sizeof(*nb_streams_packets));

         selected_streams   = av_calloc(fmt_ctx->nb_streams, sizeof(*selected_streams));
 
         for (i = 0; i < fmt_ctx->nb_streams; i++) {
             if (stream_specifier) {
                 ret = avformat_match_stream_specifier(fmt_ctx,
                                                       fmt_ctx->streams[i],
                                                       stream_specifier);
                 if (ret < 0)
                     goto end;
                 else
                     selected_streams[i] = ret;
             } else {
                 selected_streams[i] = 1;
             }
         }
 

         if (do_read_frames || do_read_packets) {

             if (do_show_frames && do_show_packets &&
                 wctx->writer->flags & WRITER_FLAG_PUT_PACKETS_AND_FRAMES_IN_SAME_CHAPTER)

                 section_id = SECTION_ID_PACKETS_AND_FRAMES;

             else if (do_show_packets && !do_show_frames)

                 section_id = SECTION_ID_PACKETS;

             else // (!do_show_packets && do_show_frames)

                 section_id = SECTION_ID_FRAMES;

             if (do_show_frames || do_show_packets)

                 writer_print_section_header(wctx, section_id);

             read_packets(wctx, fmt_ctx);
             if (do_show_frames || do_show_packets)

                 writer_print_section_footer(wctx);

         }

         if (do_show_streams)
             show_streams(wctx, fmt_ctx);
         if (do_show_format)
             show_format(wctx, fmt_ctx);
 

     end:

         close_input_file(&fmt_ctx);

         av_freep(&nb_streams_frames);
         av_freep(&nb_streams_packets);

         av_freep(&selected_streams);

     }

     return ret;

 }
 
 static void show_usage(void)
 {

     av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "Simple multimedia streams analyzer\n");
     av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "usage: %s [OPTIONS] [INPUT_FILE]\n", program_name);
     av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "\n");

 }
 

 static void ffprobe_show_program_version(WriterContext *w)
 {

     AVBPrint pbuf;
     av_bprint_init(&pbuf, 1, AV_BPRINT_SIZE_UNLIMITED);

     writer_print_section_header(w, SECTION_ID_PROGRAM_VERSION);

     print_str("version", FFMPEG_VERSION);
     print_fmt("copyright", "Copyright (c) %d-%d the FFmpeg developers",
               program_birth_year, this_year);
     print_str("build_date", __DATE__);
     print_str("build_time", __TIME__);

     print_str("compiler_ident", CC_IDENT);

     print_str("configuration", FFMPEG_CONFIGURATION);

     writer_print_section_footer(w);

     av_bprint_finalize(&pbuf, NULL);

 }
 
 #define SHOW_LIB_VERSION(libname, LIBNAME)                              \
     do {                                                                \
         if (CONFIG_##LIBNAME) {                                         \
             unsigned int version = libname##_version();                 \

             writer_print_section_header(w, SECTION_ID_LIBRARY_VERSION); \

             print_str("name",    "lib" #libname);                       \
             print_int("major",   LIB##LIBNAME##_VERSION_MAJOR);         \
             print_int("minor",   LIB##LIBNAME##_VERSION_MINOR);         \
             print_int("micro",   LIB##LIBNAME##_VERSION_MICRO);         \
             print_int("version", version);                              \

             print_str("ident",   LIB##LIBNAME##_IDENT);                 \

             writer_print_section_footer(w);                             \

         }                                                               \
     } while (0)
 
 static void ffprobe_show_library_versions(WriterContext *w)
 {

     writer_print_section_header(w, SECTION_ID_LIBRARY_VERSIONS);

     SHOW_LIB_VERSION(avutil,     AVUTIL);
     SHOW_LIB_VERSION(avcodec,    AVCODEC);
     SHOW_LIB_VERSION(avformat,   AVFORMAT);
     SHOW_LIB_VERSION(avdevice,   AVDEVICE);
     SHOW_LIB_VERSION(avfilter,   AVFILTER);
     SHOW_LIB_VERSION(swscale,    SWSCALE);
     SHOW_LIB_VERSION(swresample, SWRESAMPLE);
     SHOW_LIB_VERSION(postproc,   POSTPROC);

     writer_print_section_footer(w);

 }
 

 static int opt_format(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)

 {
     iformat = av_find_input_format(arg);
     if (!iformat) {

         av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unknown input format: %s\n", arg);

         return AVERROR(EINVAL);

     }

     return 0;

 }
 

 static inline void mark_section_show_entries(SectionID section_id,
                                              int show_all_entries, AVDictionary *entries)
 {
     struct section *section = &sections[section_id];
 
     section->show_all_entries = show_all_entries;
     if (show_all_entries) {
         SectionID *id;
         for (id = section->children_ids; *id != -1; id++)
             mark_section_show_entries(*id, show_all_entries, entries);
     } else {
         av_dict_copy(&section->entries_to_show, entries, 0);
     }
 }
 
 static int match_section(const char *section_name,
                          int show_all_entries, AVDictionary *entries)
 {
     int i, ret = 0;
 
     for (i = 0; i < FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(sections); i++) {
         const struct section *section = &sections[i];
         if (!strcmp(section_name, section->name) ||
             (section->unique_name && !strcmp(section_name, section->unique_name))) {
             av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG,
                    "'%s' matches section with unique name '%s'\n", section_name,
                    (char *)av_x_if_null(section->unique_name, section->name));
             ret++;
             mark_section_show_entries(section->id, show_all_entries, entries);
         }
     }
     return ret;
 }
 
 static int opt_show_entries(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)
 {
     const char *p = arg;
     int ret = 0;
 
     while (*p) {
         AVDictionary *entries = NULL;
         char *section_name = av_get_token(&p, "=:");
         int show_all_entries = 0;
 
         if (!section_name) {
             av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR,
                    "Missing section name for option '%s'\n", opt);
             return AVERROR(EINVAL);
         }
 
         if (*p == '=') {
             p++;
             while (*p && *p != ':') {
                 char *entry = av_get_token(&p, ",:");
                 if (!entry)
                     break;
                 av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_VERBOSE,
                        "Adding '%s' to the entries to show in section '%s'\n",
                        entry, section_name);
                 av_dict_set(&entries, entry, "", AV_DICT_DONT_STRDUP_KEY);
                 if (*p == ',')
                     p++;
             }
         } else {
             show_all_entries = 1;
         }
 
         ret = match_section(section_name, show_all_entries, entries);
         if (ret == 0) {
             av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "No match for section '%s'\n", section_name);
             ret = AVERROR(EINVAL);
         }

         av_dict_free(&entries);

         av_free(section_name);
 
         if (ret <= 0)
             break;
         if (*p)
             p++;
     }
 
     return ret;
 }
 

 static int opt_show_format_entry(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)

 {

     char *buf = av_asprintf("format=%s", arg);
     int ret;
 
     av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING,
            "Option '%s' is deprecated, use '-show_entries format=%s' instead\n",
            opt, arg);
     ret = opt_show_entries(optctx, opt, buf);
     av_free(buf);
     return ret;

 }
 

 static void opt_input_file(void *optctx, const char *arg)

 {

     if (input_filename) {

         av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR,
                 "Argument '%s' provided as input filename, but '%s' was already specified.\n",
                 arg, input_filename);

         exit(1);
     }

     if (!strcmp(arg, "-"))
         arg = "pipe:";
     input_filename = arg;

 }
 

 static int opt_input_file_i(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)
 {
     opt_input_file(optctx, arg);
     return 0;
 }
 

 void show_help_default(const char *opt, const char *arg)

 {

     av_log_set_callback(log_callback_help);

     show_usage();

     show_help_options(options, "Main options:", 0, 0, 0);

     printf("\n");

 
     show_help_children(avformat_get_class(), AV_OPT_FLAG_DECODING_PARAM);

 }
 

 static int opt_pretty(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)

 {
     show_value_unit              = 1;
     use_value_prefix             = 1;
     use_byte_value_binary_prefix = 1;
     use_value_sexagesimal_format = 1;

     return 0;

 }
 

 static void print_section(SectionID id, int level)
 {
     const SectionID *pid;
     const struct section *section = &sections[id];
     printf("%c%c%c",
            section->flags & SECTION_FLAG_IS_WRAPPER           ? 'W' : '.',
            section->flags & SECTION_FLAG_IS_ARRAY             ? 'A' : '.',
            section->flags & SECTION_FLAG_HAS_VARIABLE_FIELDS  ? 'V' : '.');
     printf("%*c  %s", level * 4, ' ', section->name);
     if (section->unique_name)
         printf("/%s", section->unique_name);
     printf("\n");
 
     for (pid = section->children_ids; *pid != -1; pid++)
         print_section(*pid, level+1);
 }
 
 static int opt_sections(void *optctx, const char *opt, const char *arg)
 {
     printf("Sections:\n"
            "W.. = Section is a wrapper (contains other sections, no local entries)\n"
            ".A. = Section contains an array of elements of the same type\n"
            "..V = Section may contain a variable number of fields with variable keys\n"
            "FLAGS NAME/UNIQUE_NAME\n"
            "---\n");
     print_section(SECTION_ID_ROOT, 0);
     return 0;
 }
 

 static int opt_show_versions(const char *opt, const char *arg)
 {

     mark_section_show_entries(SECTION_ID_PROGRAM_VERSION, 1, NULL);
     mark_section_show_entries(SECTION_ID_LIBRARY_VERSION, 1, NULL);

     return 0;
 }
 

 #define DEFINE_OPT_SHOW_SECTION(section, target_section_id)             \
     static int opt_show_##section(const char *opt, const char *arg)     \
     {                                                                   \
         mark_section_show_entries(SECTION_ID_##target_section_id, 1, NULL); \
         return 0;                                                       \
     }
 
 DEFINE_OPT_SHOW_SECTION(error,            ERROR);
 DEFINE_OPT_SHOW_SECTION(format,           FORMAT);
 DEFINE_OPT_SHOW_SECTION(frames,           FRAMES);
 DEFINE_OPT_SHOW_SECTION(library_versions, LIBRARY_VERSIONS);
 DEFINE_OPT_SHOW_SECTION(packets,          PACKETS);
 DEFINE_OPT_SHOW_SECTION(program_version,  PROGRAM_VERSION);
 DEFINE_OPT_SHOW_SECTION(streams,          STREAMS);
 

 static const OptionDef real_options[] = {

 #include "cmdutils_common_opts.h"

     { "f", HAS_ARG, {.func_arg = opt_format}, "force format", "format" },
     { "unit", OPT_BOOL, {&show_value_unit}, "show unit of the displayed values" },
     { "prefix", OPT_BOOL, {&use_value_prefix}, "use SI prefixes for the displayed values" },
     { "byte_binary_prefix", OPT_BOOL, {&use_byte_value_binary_prefix},

       "use binary prefixes for byte units" },

     { "sexagesimal", OPT_BOOL,  {&use_value_sexagesimal_format},

       "use sexagesimal format HOURS:MM:SS.MICROSECONDS for time units" },

     { "pretty", 0, {.func_arg = opt_pretty},

       "prettify the format of displayed values, make it more human readable" },

     { "print_format", OPT_STRING | HAS_ARG, {(void*)&print_format},

       "set the output printing format (available formats are: default, compact, csv, flat, ini, json, xml)", "format" },

     { "of", OPT_STRING | HAS_ARG, {(void*)&print_format}, "alias for -print_format", "format" },

     { "select_streams", OPT_STRING | HAS_ARG, {(void*)&stream_specifier}, "select the specified streams", "stream_specifier" },

     { "sections", OPT_EXIT, {.func_arg = opt_sections}, "print sections structure and section information, and exit" },

     { "show_data",    OPT_BOOL, {(void*)&do_show_data}, "show packets data" },

     { "show_error",   0, {(void*)&opt_show_error},  "show probing error" },
     { "show_format",  0, {(void*)&opt_show_format}, "show format/container info" },
     { "show_frames",  0, {(void*)&opt_show_frames}, "show frames info" },

     { "show_format_entry", HAS_ARG, {.func_arg = opt_show_format_entry},

       "show a particular entry from the format/container info", "entry" },

     { "show_entries", HAS_ARG, {.func_arg = opt_show_entries},
       "show a set of specified entries", "entry_list" },
     { "show_packets", 0, {(void*)&opt_show_packets}, "show packets info" },
     { "show_streams", 0, {(void*)&opt_show_streams}, "show streams info" },

     { "count_frames", OPT_BOOL, {(void*)&do_count_frames}, "count the number of frames per stream" },
     { "count_packets", OPT_BOOL, {(void*)&do_count_packets}, "count the number of packets per stream" },

     { "show_program_version",  0, {(void*)&opt_show_program_version},  "show ffprobe version" },
     { "show_library_versions", 0, {(void*)&opt_show_library_versions}, "show library versions" },

     { "show_versions",         0, {(void*)&opt_show_versions}, "show program and library versions" },

     { "show_private_data", OPT_BOOL, {(void*)&show_private_data}, "show private data" },
     { "private",           OPT_BOOL, {(void*)&show_private_data}, "same as show_private_data" },

     { "bitexact", OPT_BOOL, {&do_bitexact}, "force bitexact output" },

     { "default", HAS_ARG | OPT_AUDIO | OPT_VIDEO | OPT_EXPERT, {.func_arg = opt_default}, "generic catch all option", "" },

     { "i", HAS_ARG, {.func_arg = opt_input_file_i}, "read specified file", "input_file"},

     { NULL, },
 };
 

 static inline int check_section_show_entries(int section_id)
 {
     int *id;
     struct section *section = &sections[section_id];
     if (sections[section_id].show_all_entries || sections[section_id].entries_to_show)
         return 1;
     for (id = section->children_ids; *id != -1; id++)
         if (check_section_show_entries(*id))
             return 1;
     return 0;
 }
 
 #define SET_DO_SHOW(id, varname) do {                                   \
         if (check_section_show_entries(SECTION_ID_##id))                \
             do_show_##varname = 1;                                      \
     } while (0)
 

 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {

     const Writer *w;
     WriterContext *wctx;
     char *buf;
     char *w_name = NULL, *w_args = NULL;

     int ret, i;

     av_log_set_flags(AV_LOG_SKIP_REPEATED);

     atexit(exit_program);
 

     options = real_options;

     parse_loglevel(argc, argv, options);

     av_register_all();

     avformat_network_init();

     init_opts();

 #if CONFIG_AVDEVICE
     avdevice_register_all();
 #endif

     show_banner(argc, argv, options);

     parse_options(NULL, argc, argv, options, opt_input_file);

     /* mark things to show, based on -show_entries */
     SET_DO_SHOW(ERROR, error);
     SET_DO_SHOW(FORMAT, format);
     SET_DO_SHOW(FRAMES, frames);
     SET_DO_SHOW(LIBRARY_VERSIONS, library_versions);
     SET_DO_SHOW(PACKETS, packets);
     SET_DO_SHOW(PROGRAM_VERSION, program_version);
     SET_DO_SHOW(STREAMS, streams);
     SET_DO_SHOW(STREAM_DISPOSITION, stream_disposition);
 

     if (do_bitexact && (do_show_program_version || do_show_library_versions)) {
         av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR,
                "-bitexact and -show_program_version or -show_library_versions "
                "options are incompatible\n");
         ret = AVERROR(EINVAL);
         goto end;
     }
 

     writer_register_all();
 
     if (!print_format)
         print_format = av_strdup("default");

     if (!print_format) {
         ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
         goto end;
     }

     w_name = av_strtok(print_format, "=", &buf);
     w_args = buf;
 
     w = writer_get_by_name(w_name);
     if (!w) {
         av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unknown output format with name '%s'\n", w_name);
         ret = AVERROR(EINVAL);
         goto end;

     }
 

     if ((ret = writer_open(&wctx, w, w_args,
                            sections, FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(sections))) >= 0) {
         writer_print_section_header(wctx, SECTION_ID_ROOT);

         if (do_show_program_version)
             ffprobe_show_program_version(wctx);
         if (do_show_library_versions)
             ffprobe_show_library_versions(wctx);
 
         if (!input_filename &&
             ((do_show_format || do_show_streams || do_show_packets || do_show_error) ||
              (!do_show_program_version && !do_show_library_versions))) {

             show_usage();
             av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "You have to specify one input file.\n");
             av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Use -h to get full help or, even better, run 'man %s'.\n", program_name);
             ret = AVERROR(EINVAL);

         } else if (input_filename) {

             ret = probe_file(wctx, input_filename);

             if (ret < 0 && do_show_error)
                 show_error(wctx, ret);
         }

         writer_print_section_footer(wctx);

         writer_close(&wctx);
     }

 end:
     av_freep(&print_format);

 
     uninit_opts();

     for (i = 0; i < FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(sections); i++)
         av_dict_free(&(sections[i].entries_to_show));

     avformat_network_deinit();
 

     return ret;

 }