/*
* Copyright (c) 2003 Fabrice Bellard
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
* THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
* THE SOFTWARE.
*/
/**
* @file
* libavformat API example.
*
* @example output.c
* Output a media file in any supported libavformat format. The default
* codecs are used.
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "libavutil/channel_layout.h"
#include "libavutil/mathematics.h"
#include "libavutil/opt.h"
#include "libavformat/avformat.h"
#include "libavresample/avresample.h"
#include "libswscale/swscale.h"
/* 5 seconds stream duration */
#define STREAM_DURATION 5.0
#define STREAM_FRAME_RATE 25 /* 25 images/s */
#define STREAM_NB_FRAMES ((int)(STREAM_DURATION * STREAM_FRAME_RATE))
#define STREAM_PIX_FMT AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P /* default pix_fmt */
#define SCALE_FLAGS SWS_BICUBIC
// a wrapper around a single output AVStream
typedef struct OutputStream {
AVStream *st;
AVCodecContext *enc;
/* pts of the next frame that will be generated */
int64_t next_pts;
AVFrame *frame;
AVFrame *tmp_frame;
float t, tincr, tincr2;
struct SwsContext *sws_ctx;
AVAudioResampleContext *avr;
} OutputStream;
/**************************************************************/
/* audio output */
/*
* add an audio output stream
*/
static void add_audio_stream(OutputStream *ost, AVFormatContext *oc,
enum AVCodecID codec_id)
{
AVCodecContext *c;
AVCodec *codec;
int ret;
/* find the audio encoder */
codec = avcodec_find_encoder(codec_id);
if (!codec) {
fprintf(stderr, "codec not found\n");
exit(1);
}
ost->st = avformat_new_stream(oc, NULL);
if (!ost->st) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not alloc stream\n");
exit(1);
}
c = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec);
if (!c) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not alloc an encoding context\n");
exit(1);
}
ost->enc = c;
/* put sample parameters */
c->sample_fmt = codec->sample_fmts ? codec->sample_fmts[0] : AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16;
c->sample_rate = codec->supported_samplerates ? codec->supported_samplerates[0] : 44100;
c->channel_layout = codec->channel_layouts ? codec->channel_layouts[0] : AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO;
c->channels = av_get_channel_layout_nb_channels(c->channel_layout);
c->bit_rate = 64000;
ost->st->time_base = (AVRational){ 1, c->sample_rate };
// some formats want stream headers to be separate
if (oc->oformat->flags & AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER)
c->flags |= AV_CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
/* initialize sample format conversion;
* to simplify the code, we always pass the data through lavr, even
* if the encoder supports the generated format directly -- the price is
* some extra data copying;
*/
ost->avr = avresample_alloc_context();
if (!ost->avr) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error allocating the resampling context\n");
exit(1);
}
av_opt_set_int(ost->avr, "in_sample_fmt", AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16, 0);
av_opt_set_int(ost->avr, "in_sample_rate", 44100, 0);
av_opt_set_int(ost->avr, "in_channel_layout", AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO, 0);
av_opt_set_int(ost->avr, "out_sample_fmt", c->sample_fmt, 0);
av_opt_set_int(ost->avr, "out_sample_rate", c->sample_rate, 0);
av_opt_set_int(ost->avr, "out_channel_layout", c->channel_layout, 0);
ret = avresample_open(ost->avr);
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error opening the resampling context\n");
exit(1);
}
}
static AVFrame *alloc_audio_frame(enum AVSampleFormat sample_fmt,
uint64_t channel_layout,
int sample_rate, int nb_samples)
{
AVFrame *frame = av_frame_alloc();
int ret;
if (!frame) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error allocating an audio frame\n");
exit(1);
}
frame->format = sample_fmt;
frame->channel_layout = channel_layout;
frame->sample_rate = sample_rate;
frame->nb_samples = nb_samples;
if (nb_samples) {
ret = av_frame_get_buffer(frame, 0);
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error allocating an audio buffer\n");
exit(1);
}
}
return frame;
}
static void open_audio(AVFormatContext *oc, OutputStream *ost)
{
AVCodecContext *c;
int nb_samples, ret;
c = ost->enc;
/* open it */
if (avcodec_open2(c, NULL, NULL) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "could not open codec\n");
exit(1);
}
/* init signal generator */
ost->t = 0;
ost->tincr = 2 * M_PI * 110.0 / c->sample_rate;
/* increment frequency by 110 Hz per second */
ost->tincr2 = 2 * M_PI * 110.0 / c->sample_rate / c->sample_rate;
if (c->codec->capabilities & AV_CODEC_CAP_VARIABLE_FRAME_SIZE)
nb_samples = 10000;
else
nb_samples = c->frame_size;
ost->frame = alloc_audio_frame(c->sample_fmt, c->channel_layout,
c->sample_rate, nb_samples);
ost->tmp_frame = alloc_audio_frame(AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16, AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO,
44100, nb_samples);
/* copy the stream parameters to the muxer */
ret = avcodec_parameters_from_context(ost->st->codecpar, c);
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not copy the stream parameters\n");
exit(1);
}
}
/* Prepare a 16 bit dummy audio frame of 'frame_size' samples and
* 'nb_channels' channels. */
static AVFrame *get_audio_frame(OutputStream *ost)
{
AVFrame *frame = ost->tmp_frame;
int j, i, v;
int16_t *q = (int16_t*)frame->data[0];
/* check if we want to generate more frames */
if (av_compare_ts(ost->next_pts, ost->enc->time_base,
STREAM_DURATION, (AVRational){ 1, 1 }) >= 0)
return NULL;
for (j = 0; j < frame->nb_samples; j++) {
v = (int)(sin(ost->t) * 10000);
for (i = 0; i < ost->enc->channels; i++)
*q++ = v;
ost->t += ost->tincr;
ost->tincr += ost->tincr2;
}
return frame;
}
/* if a frame is provided, send it to the encoder, otherwise flush the encoder;
* return 1 when encoding is finished, 0 otherwise
*/
static int encode_audio_frame(AVFormatContext *oc, OutputStream *ost,
AVFrame *frame)
{
AVPacket pkt = { 0 }; // data and size must be 0;
int got_packet;
av_init_packet(&pkt);
avcodec_encode_audio2(ost->enc, &pkt, frame, &got_packet);
if (got_packet) {
pkt.stream_index = ost->st->index;
av_packet_rescale_ts(&pkt, ost->enc->time_base, ost->st->time_base);
/* Write the compressed frame to the media file. */
if (av_interleaved_write_frame(oc, &pkt) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error while writing audio frame\n");
exit(1);
}
}
return (frame || got_packet) ? 0 : 1;
}
/*
* encode one audio frame and send it to the muxer
* return 1 when encoding is finished, 0 otherwise
*/
static int process_audio_stream(AVFormatContext *oc, OutputStream *ost)
{
AVFrame *frame;
int got_output = 0;
int ret;
frame = get_audio_frame(ost);
got_output |= !!frame;
/* feed the data to lavr */
if (frame) {
ret = avresample_convert(ost->avr, NULL, 0, 0,
frame->extended_data, frame->linesize[0],
frame->nb_samples);
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error feeding audio data to the resampler\n");
exit(1);
}
}
while ((frame && avresample_available(ost->avr) >= ost->frame->nb_samples) ||
(!frame && avresample_get_out_samples(ost->avr, 0))) {
/* when we pass a frame to the encoder, it may keep a reference to it
* internally;
* make sure we do not overwrite it here
*/
ret = av_frame_make_writable(ost->frame);
if (ret < 0)
exit(1);
/* the difference between the two avresample calls here is that the
* first one just reads the already converted data that is buffered in
* the lavr output buffer, while the second one also flushes the
* resampler */
if (frame) {
ret = avresample_read(ost->avr, ost->frame->extended_data,
ost->frame->nb_samples);
} else {
ret = avresample_convert(ost->avr, ost->frame->extended_data,
ost->frame->linesize[0], ost->frame->nb_samples,
NULL, 0, 0);
}
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error while resampling\n");
exit(1);
} else if (frame && ret != ost->frame->nb_samples) {
fprintf(stderr, "Too few samples returned from lavr\n");
exit(1);
}
ost->frame->nb_samples = ret;
ost->frame->pts = ost->next_pts;
ost->next_pts += ost->frame->nb_samples;
got_output |= encode_audio_frame(oc, ost, ret ? ost->frame : NULL);
}
return !got_output;
}
/**************************************************************/
/* video output */
/* Add a video output stream. */
static void add_video_stream(OutputStream *ost, AVFormatContext *oc,
enum AVCodecID codec_id)
{
AVCodecContext *c;
AVCodec *codec;
/* find the video encoder */
codec = avcodec_find_encoder(codec_id);
if (!codec) {
fprintf(stderr, "codec not found\n");
exit(1);
}
ost->st = avformat_new_stream(oc, NULL);
if (!ost->st) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not alloc stream\n");
exit(1);
}
c = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec);
if (!c) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not alloc an encoding context\n");
exit(1);
}
ost->enc = c;
/* Put sample parameters. */
c->bit_rate = 400000;
/* Resolution must be a multiple of two. */
c->width = 352;
c->height = 288;
/* timebase: This is the fundamental unit of time (in seconds) in terms
* of which frame timestamps are represented. For fixed-fps content,
* timebase should be 1/framerate and timestamp increments should be
* identical to 1. */
ost->st->time_base = (AVRational){ 1, STREAM_FRAME_RATE };
c->time_base = ost->st->time_base;
c->gop_size = 12; /* emit one intra frame every twelve frames at most */
c->pix_fmt = STREAM_PIX_FMT;
if (c->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO) {
/* just for testing, we also add B-frames */
c->max_b_frames = 2;
}
if (c->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO) {
/* Needed to avoid using macroblocks in which some coeffs overflow.
* This does not happen with normal video, it just happens here as
* the motion of the chroma plane does not match the luma plane. */
c->mb_decision = 2;
}
/* Some formats want stream headers to be separate. */
if (oc->oformat->flags & AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER)
c->flags |= AV_CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
}
static AVFrame *alloc_picture(enum AVPixelFormat pix_fmt, int width, int height)
{
AVFrame *picture;
int ret;
picture = av_frame_alloc();
if (!picture)
return NULL;
picture->format = pix_fmt;
picture->width = width;
picture->height = height;
/* allocate the buffers for the frame data */
ret = av_frame_get_buffer(picture, 32);
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate frame data.\n");
exit(1);
}
return picture;
}
static void open_video(AVFormatContext *oc, OutputStream *ost)
{
AVCodecContext *c;
int ret;
c = ost->enc;
/* open the codec */
if (avcodec_open2(c, NULL, NULL) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "could not open codec\n");
exit(1);
}
/* Allocate the encoded raw picture. */
ost->frame = alloc_picture(c->pix_fmt, c->width, c->height);
if (!ost->frame) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate picture\n");
exit(1);
}
/* If the output format is not YUV420P, then a temporary YUV420P
* picture is needed too. It is then converted to the required
* output format. */
ost->tmp_frame = NULL;
if (c->pix_fmt != AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P) {
ost->tmp_frame = alloc_picture(AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, c->width, c->height);
if (!ost->tmp_frame) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate temporary picture\n");
exit(1);
}
}
/* copy the stream parameters to the muxer */
ret = avcodec_parameters_from_context(ost->st->codecpar, c);
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not copy the stream parameters\n");
exit(1);
}
}
/* Prepare a dummy image. */
static void fill_yuv_image(AVFrame *pict, int frame_index,
int width, int height)
{
int x, y, i, ret;
/* when we pass a frame to the encoder, it may keep a reference to it
* internally;
* make sure we do not overwrite it here
*/
ret = av_frame_make_writable(pict);
if (ret < 0)
exit(1);
i = frame_index;
/* Y */
for (y = 0; y < height; y++)
for (x = 0; x < width; x++)
pict->data[0][y * pict->linesize[0] + x] = x + y + i * 3;
/* Cb and Cr */
for (y = 0; y < height / 2; y++) {
for (x = 0; x < width / 2; x++) {
pict->data[1][y * pict->linesize[1] + x] = 128 + y + i * 2;
pict->data[2][y * pict->linesize[2] + x] = 64 + x + i * 5;
}
}
}
static AVFrame *get_video_frame(OutputStream *ost)
{
AVCodecContext *c = ost->enc;
/* check if we want to generate more frames */
if (av_compare_ts(ost->next_pts, c->time_base,
STREAM_DURATION, (AVRational){ 1, 1 }) >= 0)
return NULL;
if (c->pix_fmt != AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P) {
/* as we only generate a YUV420P picture, we must convert it
* to the codec pixel format if needed */
if (!ost->sws_ctx) {
ost->sws_ctx = sws_getContext(c->width, c->height,
AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P,
c->width, c->height,
c->pix_fmt,
SCALE_FLAGS, NULL, NULL, NULL);
if (!ost->sws_ctx) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Cannot initialize the conversion context\n");
exit(1);
}
}
fill_yuv_image(ost->tmp_frame, ost->next_pts, c->width, c->height);
sws_scale(ost->sws_ctx, ost->tmp_frame->data, ost->tmp_frame->linesize,
0, c->height, ost->frame->data, ost->frame->linesize);
} else {
fill_yuv_image(ost->frame, ost->next_pts, c->width, c->height);
}
ost->frame->pts = ost->next_pts++;
return ost->frame;
}
/*
* encode one video frame and send it to the muxer
* return 1 when encoding is finished, 0 otherwise
*/
static int write_video_frame(AVFormatContext *oc, OutputStream *ost)
{
int ret;
AVCodecContext *c;
AVFrame *frame;
AVPacket pkt = { 0 };
int got_packet = 0;
c = ost->enc;
frame = get_video_frame(ost);
av_init_packet(&pkt);
/* encode the image */
ret = avcodec_encode_video2(c, &pkt, frame, &got_packet);
if (ret < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error encoding a video frame\n");
exit(1);
}
if (got_packet) {
av_packet_rescale_ts(&pkt, c->time_base, ost->st->time_base);
pkt.stream_index = ost->st->index;
/* Write the compressed frame to the media file. */
ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(oc, &pkt);
}
if (ret != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error while writing video frame\n");
exit(1);
}
return (frame || got_packet) ? 0 : 1;
}
static void close_stream(AVFormatContext *oc, OutputStream *ost)
{
avcodec_free_context(&ost->enc);
av_frame_free(&ost->frame);
av_frame_free(&ost->tmp_frame);
sws_freeContext(ost->sws_ctx);
avresample_free(&ost->avr);
}
/**************************************************************/
/* media file output */
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
OutputStream video_st = { 0 }, audio_st = { 0 };
const char *filename;
AVOutputFormat *fmt;
AVFormatContext *oc;
int have_video = 0, have_audio = 0;
int encode_video = 0, encode_audio = 0;
/* Initialize libavcodec, and register all codecs and formats. */
av_register_all();
if (argc != 2) {
printf("usage: %s output_file\n"
"API example program to output a media file with libavformat.\n"
"The output format is automatically guessed according to the file extension.\n"
"Raw images can also be output by using '%%d' in the filename\n"
"\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}
filename = argv[1];
/* Autodetect the output format from the name. default is MPEG. */
fmt = av_guess_format(NULL, filename, NULL);
if (!fmt) {
printf("Could not deduce output format from file extension: using MPEG.\n");
fmt = av_guess_format("mpeg", NULL, NULL);
}
if (!fmt) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not find suitable output format\n");
return 1;
}
/* Allocate the output media context. */
oc = avformat_alloc_context();
if (!oc) {
fprintf(stderr, "Memory error\n");
return 1;
}
oc->oformat = fmt;
snprintf(oc->filename, sizeof(oc->filename), "%s", filename);
/* Add the audio and video streams using the default format codecs
* and initialize the codecs. */
if (fmt->video_codec != AV_CODEC_ID_NONE) {
add_video_stream(&video_st, oc, fmt->video_codec);
have_video = 1;
encode_video = 1;
}
if (fmt->audio_codec != AV_CODEC_ID_NONE) {
add_audio_stream(&audio_st, oc, fmt->audio_codec);
have_audio = 1;
encode_audio = 1;
}
/* Now that all the parameters are set, we can open the audio and
* video codecs and allocate the necessary encode buffers. */
if (have_video)
open_video(oc, &video_st);
if (have_audio)
open_audio(oc, &audio_st);
av_dump_format(oc, 0, filename, 1);
/* open the output file, if needed */
if (!(fmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
if (avio_open(&oc->pb, filename, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not open '%s'\n", filename);
return 1;
}
}
/* Write the stream header, if any. */
avformat_write_header(oc, NULL);
while (encode_video || encode_audio) {
/* select the stream to encode */
if (encode_video &&
(!encode_audio || av_compare_ts(video_st.next_pts, video_st.enc->time_base,
audio_st.next_pts, audio_st.enc->time_base) <= 0)) {
encode_video = !write_video_frame(oc, &video_st);
} else {
encode_audio = !process_audio_stream(oc, &audio_st);
}
}
/* Write the trailer, if any. The trailer must be written before you
* close the CodecContexts open when you wrote the header; otherwise
* av_write_trailer() may try to use memory that was freed on
* av_codec_close(). */
av_write_trailer(oc);
/* Close each codec. */
if (have_video)
close_stream(oc, &video_st);
if (have_audio)
close_stream(oc, &audio_st);
if (!(fmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE))
/* Close the output file. */
avio_close(oc->pb);
/* free the stream */
avformat_free_context(oc);
return 0;
}