#!/usr/bin/env python
 
 ## Amazon S3 manager
 ## Author: Michal Ludvig <michal@logix.cz>
 ##         http://www.logix.cz/michal
 ## License: GPL Version 2
 
 import sys
 import logging
 import time

 import os
 import re

 import errno

 import pwd, grp

 import glob

 import traceback

 import codecs

 from copy import copy

 from optparse import OptionParser, Option, OptionValueError, IndentedHelpFormatter

 from logging import debug, info, warning, error

 from distutils.spawn import find_executable

 ## Output native on TTY, UTF-8 otherwise (redirects)

 #_stdout = sys.stdout.isatty() and sys.stdout or codecs.getwriter("utf-8")(sys.stdout)
 #_stderr = sys.stderr.isatty() and sys.stderr or codecs.getwriter("utf-8")(sys.stderr)
 ## Output UTF-8 in all cases
 _stdout = codecs.getwriter("utf-8")(sys.stdout)
 _stderr = codecs.getwriter("utf-8")(sys.stderr)
 ## Leave it to the terminal
 #_stdout = sys.stdout
 #_stderr = sys.stderr

 def output(message):

 	_stdout.write(message + "\n")

 def check_args_type(args, type, verbose_type):
 	for arg in args:
 		if S3Uri(arg).type != type:
 			raise ParameterError("Expecting %s instead of '%s'" % (verbose_type, arg))
 

 def cmd_du(args):
 	s3 = S3(Config())
 	if len(args) > 0:
 		uri = S3Uri(args[0])
 		if uri.type == "s3" and uri.has_bucket():
 			subcmd_bucket_usage(s3, uri)
 			return
 	subcmd_bucket_usage_all(s3)
 
 def subcmd_bucket_usage_all(s3):
 	response = s3.list_all_buckets()
 
 	buckets_size = 0
 	for bucket in response["list"]:
 		size = subcmd_bucket_usage(s3, S3Uri("s3://" + bucket["Name"]))
 		if size != None:
 			buckets_size += size
 	total_size, size_coeff = formatSize(buckets_size, Config().human_readable_sizes)

 	total_size_str = str(total_size) + size_coeff 
 	output("".rjust(8, "-"))
 	output("%s Total" % (total_size_str.ljust(8)))

 
 def subcmd_bucket_usage(s3, uri):
 	bucket = uri.bucket()
 	object = uri.object()
 
 	if object.endswith('*'):
 		object = object[:-1]
 	try:
 		response = s3.bucket_list(bucket, prefix = object)
 	except S3Error, e:
 		if S3.codes.has_key(e.Code):
 			error(S3.codes[e.Code] % bucket)
 			return
 		else:
 			raise
 	bucket_size = 0
 	for object in response["list"]:
 		size, size_coeff = formatSize(object["Size"], False)
 		bucket_size += size
 	total_size, size_coeff = formatSize(bucket_size, Config().human_readable_sizes)

 	total_size_str = str(total_size) + size_coeff 
 	output("%s %s" % (total_size_str.ljust(8), uri))
 	return bucket_size

 def cmd_ls(args):

 	s3 = S3(Config())

 	if len(args) > 0:

 		uri = S3Uri(args[0])
 		if uri.type == "s3" and uri.has_bucket():
 			subcmd_bucket_list(s3, uri)
 			return
 	subcmd_buckets_list_all(s3)

 
 def cmd_buckets_list_all_all(args):

 	s3 = S3(Config())

 	response = s3.list_all_buckets()
 
 	for bucket in response["list"]:

 		subcmd_bucket_list(s3, S3Uri("s3://" + bucket["Name"]))

 		output("")
 
 

 def subcmd_buckets_list_all(s3):
 	response = s3.list_all_buckets()
 	for bucket in response["list"]:
 		output("%s  s3://%s" % (
 			formatDateTime(bucket["CreationDate"]),
 			bucket["Name"],
 			))
 
 def subcmd_bucket_list(s3, uri):
 	bucket = uri.bucket()
 	object = uri.object()
 

 	output("Bucket 's3://%s':" % bucket)

 	if object.endswith('*'):
 		object = object[:-1]

 	try:

 		response = s3.bucket_list(bucket, prefix = object)

 	except S3Error, e:

 		if S3.codes.has_key(e.info["Code"]):
 			error(S3.codes[e.info["Code"]] % bucket)

 			return
 		else:
 			raise
 	for object in response["list"]:

 		size, size_coeff = formatSize(object["Size"], Config().human_readable_sizes)

 		output("%s  %s%s  %s" % (
 			formatDateTime(object["LastModified"]),
 			str(size).rjust(8), size_coeff.ljust(1),

 			uri.compose_uri(bucket, object["Key"]),

 			))
 
 def cmd_bucket_create(args):

 	uri = S3Uri(args[0])
 	if not uri.type == "s3" or not uri.has_bucket() or uri.has_object():
 		raise ParameterError("Expecting S3 URI with just the bucket name set instead of '%s'" % args[0])

 	try:

 		s3 = S3(Config())

 		response = s3.bucket_create(uri.bucket(), cfg.bucket_location)

 	except S3Error, e:

 		if S3.codes.has_key(e.info["Code"]):
 			error(S3.codes[e.info["Code"]] % uri.bucket())

 			return
 		else:
 			raise

 	output("Bucket '%s' created" % uri.bucket())

 
 def cmd_bucket_delete(args):

 	uri = S3Uri(args[0])
 	if not uri.type == "s3" or not uri.has_bucket() or uri.has_object():
 		raise ParameterError("Expecting S3 URI with just the bucket name set instead of '%s'" % args[0])

 	try:

 		s3 = S3(Config())
 		response = s3.bucket_delete(uri.bucket())

 	except S3Error, e:

 		if S3.codes.has_key(e.info["Code"]):
 			error(S3.codes[e.info["Code"]] % uri.bucket())

 			return
 		else:
 			raise

 	output("Bucket '%s' removed" % uri.bucket())

 def cmd_object_put(args):

 	s3 = S3(Config())

 	uri_arg = args.pop()

 	check_args_type(args, 'file', 'filename')

 	uri = S3Uri(uri_arg)

 	if uri.type != "s3":

 		raise ParameterError("Expecting S3 URI instead of '%s'" % uri_arg)

 	if len(args) > 1 and uri.object() != "" and not Config().force:

 		error("When uploading multiple files the last argument must")
 		error("be a S3 URI specifying just the bucket name")
 		error("WITHOUT object name!")
 		error("Alternatively use --force argument and the specified")

 		error("object name will be prefixed to all stored filenames.")
 		sys.exit(1)

 	seq = 0
 	total = len(args)

 	for file in args:

 		seq += 1

 		uri_arg_final = str(uri)

 		if len(args) > 1 or uri.object() == "":

 			uri_arg_final += os.path.basename(file)

 		uri_final = S3Uri(uri_arg_final)

 		extra_headers = {}
 		real_filename = file
 		if Config().encrypt:
 			exitcode, real_filename, extra_headers["x-amz-meta-s3tools-gpgenc"] = gpg_encrypt(file)

 		try:
 			response = s3.object_put_uri(real_filename, uri_final, extra_headers)
 		except S3UploadError, e:
 			error("Upload of '%s' failed too many times. Skipping that file." % real_filename)
 			continue

 		except InvalidFileError, e:
 			warning("File can not be uploaded: %s" % e)
 			continue

 		speed_fmt = formatSize(response["speed"], human_readable = True, floating_point = True)
 		output("File '%s' stored as %s (%d bytes in %0.1f seconds, %0.2f %sB/s) [%d of %d]" %
 			(file, uri_final, response["size"], response["elapsed"], speed_fmt[0], speed_fmt[1],

 			seq, total))

 		if Config().acl_public:
 			output("Public URL of the object is: %s" %

 				(uri_final.public_url()))

 		if Config().encrypt and real_filename != file:
 			debug("Removing temporary encrypted file: %s" % real_filename)
 			os.remove(real_filename)

 
 def cmd_object_get(args):

 	s3 = S3(Config())

 	if not S3Uri(args[0]).type == 's3':
 		raise ParameterError("Expecting S3 URI instead of '%s'" % args[0])

 	destination_dir = None
 	destination_file = None
 	if len(args) > 1:
 		if S3Uri(args[-1]).type == 's3':
 			# all S3, use object names to local dir
 			check_args_type(args, type="s3", verbose_type="S3 URI")	# May raise ParameterError
 		else:
 			if (len(args) > 2):
 				# last must be dir, all preceding S3
 				if not os.path.isdir(args[-1]):
 					raise ParameterError("Last parameter must be a directory")
 				destination_dir = args.pop()
 				check_args_type(args, type="s3", verbose_type="S3 URI")	# May raise ParameterError
 			else:
 				# last must be a dir or a filename
 				if os.path.isdir(args[-1]):
 					destination_dir = args.pop()
 				else:
 					destination_file = args.pop()
 
 	while (len(args)):
 		uri_arg = args.pop(0)
 		uri = S3Uri(uri_arg)
 
 		if destination_file:
 			destination = destination_file
 		elif destination_dir:
 			destination = destination_dir + "/" + uri.object()
 		else:
 			# By default the destination filename is the object name
 			destination = uri.object()

 		if destination == "-":
 			## stdout
 			dst_stream = sys.stdout
 		else:
 			## File
 			if not Config().force and os.path.exists(destination):
 				raise ParameterError("File %s already exists. Use --force to overwrite it" % destination)
 			try:
 				dst_stream = open(destination, "wb")
 			except IOError, e:
 				error("Skipping %s: %s" % (destination, e.strerror))
 				continue
 		response = s3.object_get_uri(uri, dst_stream)

 		if response["headers"].has_key("x-amz-meta-s3tools-gpgenc"):
 			gpg_decrypt(destination, response["headers"]["x-amz-meta-s3tools-gpgenc"])
 			response["size"] = os.stat(destination)[6]
 		if destination != "-":

 			speed_fmt = formatSize(response["speed"], human_readable = True, floating_point = True)
 			output("Object %s saved as '%s' (%d bytes in %0.1f seconds, %0.2f %sB/s)" %
 				(uri, destination, response["size"], response["elapsed"], speed_fmt[0], speed_fmt[1]))

 
 def cmd_object_del(args):

 	s3 = S3(Config())

 	while (len(args)):
 		uri_arg = args.pop(0)
 		uri = S3Uri(uri_arg)
 		if uri.type != "s3" or not uri.has_object():
 			raise ParameterError("Expecting S3 URI instead of '%s'" % uri_arg)

 		response = s3.object_delete_uri(uri)
 		output("Object %s deleted" % uri)

 def cmd_info(args):
 	s3 = S3(Config())
 
 	while (len(args)):
 		uri_arg = args.pop(0)
 		uri = S3Uri(uri_arg)
 		if uri.type != "s3" or not uri.has_bucket():
 			raise ParameterError("Expecting S3 URI instead of '%s'" % uri_arg)
 
 		try:
 			if uri.has_object():
 				info = s3.object_info(uri)
 				output("%s (object):" % uri.uri())
 				output("   File size: %s" % info['headers']['content-length'])
 				output("   Last mod:  %s" % info['headers']['last-modified'])
 				output("   MIME type: %s" % info['headers']['content-type'])
 				output("   MD5 sum:   %s" % info['headers']['etag'].strip('"'))
 			else:
 				info = s3.bucket_info(uri)
 				output("%s (bucket):" % uri.uri())
 				output("   Location:  %s" % info['bucket-location'])
 			acl = s3.get_acl(uri)
 			for user in acl.keys():
 				output("   ACL:       %s: %s" % (user, acl[user]))
 		except S3Error, e:
 			if S3.codes.has_key(e.info["Code"]):
 				error(S3.codes[e.info["Code"]] % uri.bucket())
 				return
 			else:
 				raise
 

 def _get_filelist_local(local_uri):

 	output("Compiling list of local files...")

 	local_path = local_uri.path()
 	if os.path.isdir(local_path):
 		loc_base = os.path.join(local_path, "")
 		filelist = os.walk(local_path)

 	else:
 		loc_base = "./"

 		filelist = [( '.', [], [local_path] )]

 	loc_base_len = len(loc_base)
 	loc_list = {}

 	for root, dirs, files in filelist:

 		## TODO: implement explicit exclude
 		for f in files:
 			full_name = os.path.join(root, f)
 			if not os.path.isfile(full_name):
 				continue

 			if os.path.islink(full_name):
 				## Synchronize symlinks... one day
 				## for now skip over
 				continue

 			file = full_name[loc_base_len:]
 			sr = os.stat_result(os.lstat(full_name))
 			loc_list[file] = {
 				'full_name' : full_name,
 				'size' : sr.st_size, 
 				'mtime' : sr.st_mtime,
 				## TODO: Possibly more to save here...
 			}

 	return loc_list
 
 def _get_filelist_remote(remote_uri):

 	output("Retrieving list of remote files...")
 

 	s3 = S3(Config())
 	response = s3.bucket_list(remote_uri.bucket(), prefix = remote_uri.object())
 
 	rem_base = remote_uri.object()

 	rem_base_len = len(rem_base)
 	rem_list = {}
 	for object in response['list']:

 		key = object['Key'][rem_base_len:]

 		rem_list[key] = { 
 			'size' : int(object['Size']),
 			# 'mtime' : dateS3toUnix(object['LastModified']), ## That's upload time, not our lastmod time :-(
 			'md5' : object['ETag'][1:-1],

 			'object_key' : object['Key']

 		}

 	return rem_list
 	
 def _compare_filelists(src_list, dst_list, src_is_local_and_dst_is_remote):

 	output("Verifying checksums...")

 	cfg = Config()

 	exists_list = {}

 	exclude_list = {}

 	if cfg.debug_syncmatch:
 		logging.root.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

 	for file in src_list.keys():

 		if not cfg.debug_syncmatch:
 			debug("CHECK: %s" % (os.sep + file))

 		excluded = False

 		for r in cfg.exclude:

 			## all paths start with '/' from the base dir
 			if r.search(os.sep + file):
 				## Can't directly 'continue' to the outer loop
 				## therefore this awkward excluded switch :-(
 				excluded = True

 				if cfg.debug_syncmatch:
 					debug("EXCL: %s" % (os.sep + file))
 					debug("RULE: '%s'" % (cfg.debug_exclude[r]))
 				else:
 					info("%s: excluded" % file)

 				break
 		if excluded:
 			exclude_list = src_list[file]
 			del(src_list[file])
 			continue

 		else:
 			debug("PASS: %s" % (os.sep + file))

 		if dst_list.has_key(file):

 			## Check size first

 			if dst_list[file]['size'] == src_list[file]['size']:

 				#debug("%s same size: %s" % (file, dst_list[file]['size']))

 				## ... same size, check MD5

 				if src_is_local_and_dst_is_remote:
 					src_md5 = Utils.hash_file_md5(src_list[file]['full_name'])
 					dst_md5 = dst_list[file]['md5']
 				else:
 					src_md5 = src_list[file]['md5']
 					dst_md5 = Utils.hash_file_md5(dst_list[file]['full_name'])
 				if src_md5 == dst_md5:

 					#debug("%s md5 matches: %s" % (file, dst_md5))

 					## Checksums are the same.

 					## Remove from source-list, all that is left there will be transferred

 					debug("IGNR: %s (transfer not needed: MD5 OK, Size OK)" % file)

 					exists_list[file] = src_list[file]
 					del(src_list[file])

 				else:

 					debug("XFER: %s (md5 mismatch: src=%s dst=%s)" % (file, src_md5, dst_md5))

 			else:

 				debug("XFER: %s (size mismatch: src=%s dst=%s)" % (file, src_list[file]['size'], dst_list[file]['size']))

 			## Remove from destination-list, all that is left there will be deleted

 			#debug("%s removed from destination list" % file)

 			del(dst_list[file])

 	if cfg.debug_syncmatch:
 		warning("Exiting because of --debug-syncmatch")
 		sys.exit(0)
 

 	return src_list, dst_list, exists_list, exclude_list

 
 def cmd_sync_remote2local(src, dst):

 	def _parse_attrs_header(attrs_header):
 		attrs = {}
 		for attr in attrs_header.split("/"):
 			key, val = attr.split(":")
 			attrs[key] = val
 		return attrs
 		
 	s3 = S3(Config())
 
 	src_uri = S3Uri(src)
 	dst_uri = S3Uri(dst)
 
 	rem_list = _get_filelist_remote(src_uri)
 	rem_count = len(rem_list)
 
 	loc_list = _get_filelist_local(dst_uri)
 	loc_count = len(loc_list)
 	
 	output("Found %d remote files, %d local files" % (rem_count, loc_count))
 
 	_compare_filelists(rem_list, loc_list, False)
 
 	output("Summary: %d remote files to download, %d local files to delete" % (len(rem_list), len(loc_list)))
 
 	for file in loc_list:
 		if cfg.delete_removed:
 			# os.unlink(file)
 			output("deleted '%s'" % file)
 		else:
 			output("not-deleted '%s'" % file)
 
 	total_size = 0
 	total_count = len(rem_list)
 	total_elapsed = 0.0
 	timestamp_start = time.time()
 	seq = 0
 	dir_cache = {}
 	src_base = src_uri.uri()
 	dst_base = dst_uri.path()
 	if not src_base[-1] == "/": src_base += "/"
 	file_list = rem_list.keys()
 	file_list.sort()
 	for file in file_list:
 		seq += 1
 		uri = S3Uri(src_base + file)
 		dst_file = dst_base + file
 		try:
 			dst_dir = os.path.dirname(dst_file)
 			if not dir_cache.has_key(dst_dir):

 				dir_cache[dst_dir] = Utils.mkdir_with_parents(dst_dir)

 			if dir_cache[dst_dir] == False:
 				warning("%s: destination directory not writable: %s" % (file, dst_dir))
 				continue
 			try:
 				open_flags = os.O_CREAT
 				if cfg.force:
 					open_flags |= os.O_TRUNC
 				else:
 					open_flags |= os.O_EXCL
 
 				debug("dst_file=%s" % dst_file)
 				# This will have failed should the file exist

 				os.close(os.open(dst_file, open_flags))

 				# Yeah I know there is a race condition here. Sadly I don't know how to open() in exclusive mode.
 				dst_stream = open(dst_file, "wb")
 				response = s3.object_get_uri(uri, dst_stream)
 				dst_stream.close()
 				if response['headers'].has_key('x-amz-meta-s3cmd-attrs') and cfg.preserve_attrs:
 					attrs = _parse_attrs_header(response['headers']['x-amz-meta-s3cmd-attrs'])
 					if attrs.has_key('mode'):
 						os.chmod(dst_file, int(attrs['mode']))

 					if attrs.has_key('mtime') or attrs.has_key('atime'):
 						mtime = attrs.has_key('mtime') and int(attrs['mtime']) or int(time.time())
 						atime = attrs.has_key('atime') and int(attrs['atime']) or int(time.time())
 						os.utime(dst_file, (atime, mtime))
 					## FIXME: uid/gid / uname/gname handling comes here! TODO

 			except OSError, e:

 				try: dst_stream.close()
 				except: pass

 				if e.errno == errno.EEXIST:
 					warning("%s exists - not overwriting" % (dst_file))
 					continue

 				if e.errno in (errno.EPERM, errno.EACCES):
 					warning("%s not writable: %s" % (dst_file, e.strerror))
 					continue

 				raise e

 			except KeyboardInterrupt:
 				try: dst_stream.close()
 				except: pass
 				warning("Exiting after keyboard interrupt")
 				return

 			except Exception, e:

 				try: dst_stream.close()
 				except: pass

 				error("%s: %s" % (file, e))
 				continue

 			# We have to keep repeating this call because 
 			# Python 2.4 doesn't support try/except/finally
 			# construction :-(

 			try: dst_stream.close()
 			except: pass

 		except S3DownloadError, e:
 			error("%s: download failed too many times. Skipping that file." % file)
 			continue
 		speed_fmt = formatSize(response["speed"], human_readable = True, floating_point = True)
 		output("File '%s' stored as %s (%d bytes in %0.1f seconds, %0.2f %sB/s) [%d of %d]" %
 			(uri, dst_file, response["size"], response["elapsed"], speed_fmt[0], speed_fmt[1],
 			seq, total_count))
 		total_size += response["size"]
 
 	total_elapsed = time.time() - timestamp_start
 	speed_fmt = formatSize(total_size/total_elapsed, human_readable = True, floating_point = True)
 	output("Done. Downloaded %d bytes in %0.1f seconds, %0.2f %sB/s" % 
 	       (total_size, total_elapsed, speed_fmt[0], speed_fmt[1]))

 
 def cmd_sync_local2remote(src, dst):
 	def _build_attr_header(src):
 		attrs = {}
 		st = os.stat_result(os.stat(src))
 		for attr in cfg.preserve_attrs_list:
 			if attr == 'uname':
 				try:
 					val = pwd.getpwuid(st.st_uid).pw_name
 				except KeyError:
 					attr = "uid"
 					val = st.st_uid
 					warning("%s: Owner username not known. Storing UID=%d instead." % (src, val))
 			elif attr == 'gname':
 				try:
 					val = grp.getgrgid(st.st_gid).gr_name
 				except KeyError:
 					attr = "gid"
 					val = st.st_gid
 					warning("%s: Owner groupname not known. Storing GID=%d instead." % (src, val))
 			else:
 				val = getattr(st, 'st_' + attr)
 			attrs[attr] = val
 		result = ""
 		for k in attrs: result += "%s:%s/" % (k, attrs[k])
 		return { 'x-amz-meta-s3cmd-attrs' : result[:-1] }
 

 	s3 = S3(cfg)
 
 	if cfg.encrypt:
 		error("S3cmd 'sync' doesn't support GPG encryption, sorry.")
 		error("Either use unconditional 's3cmd put --recursive'")
 		error("or disable encryption with --no-encryption parameter.")
 		sys.exit(1)
 

 
 	src_uri = S3Uri(src)
 	dst_uri = S3Uri(dst)
 
 	loc_list = _get_filelist_local(src_uri)
 	loc_count = len(loc_list)
 	
 	rem_list = _get_filelist_remote(dst_uri)
 	rem_count = len(rem_list)
 
 	output("Found %d local files, %d remote files" % (loc_count, rem_count))
 
 	_compare_filelists(loc_list, rem_list, True)

 
 	output("Summary: %d local files to upload, %d remote files to delete" % (len(loc_list), len(rem_list)))

 	for file in rem_list:
 		uri = S3Uri("s3://" + dst_uri.bucket()+"/"+rem_list[file]['object_key'])
 		if cfg.delete_removed:

 			response = s3.object_delete_uri(uri)

 			output("deleted '%s'" % uri)
 		else:
 			output("not-deleted '%s'" % uri)

 
 	total_size = 0

 	total_count = len(loc_list)

 	total_elapsed = 0.0
 	timestamp_start = time.time()

 	seq = 0

 	dst_base = dst_uri.uri()
 	if not dst_base[-1] == "/": dst_base += "/"
 	file_list = loc_list.keys()
 	file_list.sort()
 	for file in file_list:

 		seq += 1

 		src = loc_list[file]['full_name']
 		uri = S3Uri(dst_base + file)

 		if cfg.preserve_attrs:
 			attr_header = _build_attr_header(src)
 			debug(attr_header)

 		try:
 			response = s3.object_put_uri(src, uri, attr_header)
 		except S3UploadError, e:

 			error("%s: upload failed too many times. Skipping that file." % src)

 			continue

 		except InvalidFileError, e:
 			warning("File can not be uploaded: %s" % e)
 			continue

 		speed_fmt = formatSize(response["speed"], human_readable = True, floating_point = True)
 		output("File '%s' stored as %s (%d bytes in %0.1f seconds, %0.2f %sB/s) [%d of %d]" %
 			(src, uri, response["size"], response["elapsed"], speed_fmt[0], speed_fmt[1],
 			seq, total_count))

 		total_size += response["size"]

 
 	total_elapsed = time.time() - timestamp_start
 	speed_fmt = formatSize(total_size/total_elapsed, human_readable = True, floating_point = True)
 	output("Done. Uploaded %d bytes in %0.1f seconds, %0.2f %sB/s" % 
 	       (total_size, total_elapsed, speed_fmt[0], speed_fmt[1]))

 def cmd_sync(args):
 	src = args.pop(0)
 	dst = args.pop(0)
 	if (len(args)):
 		raise ParameterError("Too many parameters! Expected: %s" % commands['sync']['param'])
 

 	if S3Uri(src).type == "s3" and not src.endswith('/'):
 		src += "/"
 

 	if not dst.endswith('/'):
 		dst += "/"
 
 	if S3Uri(src).type == "file" and S3Uri(dst).type == "s3":
 		return cmd_sync_local2remote(src, dst)
 	if S3Uri(src).type == "s3" and S3Uri(dst).type == "file":
 		return cmd_sync_remote2local(src, dst)
 	

 def resolve_list(lst, args):
 	retval = []
 	for item in lst:
 		retval.append(item % args)
 	return retval
 
 def gpg_command(command, passphrase = ""):
 	p_in, p_out = os.popen4(command)
 	if command.count("--passphrase-fd"):
 		p_in.write(passphrase+"\n")
 		p_in.flush()
 	for line in p_out:
 		info(line.strip())
 	p_pid, p_exitcode = os.wait()
 	return p_exitcode
 
 def gpg_encrypt(filename):
 	tmp_filename = Utils.mktmpfile()
 	args = {
 		"gpg_command" : cfg.gpg_command,
 		"passphrase_fd" : "0",
 		"input_file" : filename, 
 		"output_file" : tmp_filename,
 	}
 	info("Encrypting file %(input_file)s to %(output_file)s..." % args)
 	command = resolve_list(cfg.gpg_encrypt.split(" "), args)
 	code = gpg_command(command, cfg.gpg_passphrase)
 	return (code, tmp_filename, "gpg")
 

 def gpg_decrypt(filename, gpgenc_header = "", in_place = True):

 	tmp_filename = Utils.mktmpfile(filename)
 	args = {
 		"gpg_command" : cfg.gpg_command,
 		"passphrase_fd" : "0",
 		"input_file" : filename, 
 		"output_file" : tmp_filename,
 	}
 	info("Decrypting file %(input_file)s to %(output_file)s..." % args)
 	command = resolve_list(cfg.gpg_decrypt.split(" "), args)
 	code = gpg_command(command, cfg.gpg_passphrase)

 	if code == 0 and in_place:

 		debug("Renaming %s to %s" % (tmp_filename, filename))
 		os.unlink(filename)
 		os.rename(tmp_filename, filename)

 		tmp_filename = filename
 	return (code, tmp_filename)

 def run_configure(config_file):
 	cfg = Config()
 	options = [

 		("access_key", "Access Key", "Access key and Secret key are your identifiers for Amazon S3"),

 		("secret_key", "Secret Key"),

 		("gpg_passphrase", "Encryption password", "Encryption password is used to protect your files from reading\nby unauthorized persons while in transfer to S3"),
 		("gpg_command", "Path to GPG program"),

 		("use_https", "Use HTTPS protocol", "When using secure HTTPS protocol all communication with Amazon S3\nservers is protected from 3rd party eavesdropping. This method is\nslower than plain HTTP and can't be used if you're behind a proxy"),

 		("proxy_host", "HTTP Proxy server name", "On some networks all internet access must go through a HTTP proxy.\nTry setting it here if you can't conect to S3 directly"),
 		("proxy_port", "HTTP Proxy server port"),

 		]

 	## Option-specfic defaults

 	if getattr(cfg, "gpg_command") == "":
 		setattr(cfg, "gpg_command", find_executable("gpg"))
 

 	if getattr(cfg, "proxy_host") == "" and os.getenv("http_proxy"):
 		re_match=re.match("(http://)?([^:]+):(\d+)", os.getenv("http_proxy"))
 		if re_match:
 			setattr(cfg, "proxy_host", re_match.groups()[1])
 			setattr(cfg, "proxy_port", re_match.groups()[2])
 

 	try:
 		while 1:
 			output("\nEnter new values or accept defaults in brackets with Enter.")

 			output("Refer to user manual for detailed description of all options.")

 			for option in options:
 				prompt = option[1]

 				## Option-specific handling
 				if option[0] == 'proxy_host' and getattr(cfg, 'use_https') == True:
 					setattr(cfg, option[0], "")
 					continue
 				if option[0] == 'proxy_port' and getattr(cfg, 'proxy_host') == "":
 					setattr(cfg, option[0], 0)
 					continue
 

 				try:
 					val = getattr(cfg, option[0])

 					if type(val) is bool:
 						val = val and "Yes" or "No"

 					if val not in (None, ""):
 						prompt += " [%s]" % val
 				except AttributeError:
 					pass
 
 				if len(option) >= 3:

 					output("\n%s" % option[2])

 
 				val = raw_input(prompt + ": ")
 				if val != "":

 					if type(getattr(cfg, option[0])) is bool:
 						# Turn 'Yes' into True, everything else into False
 						val = val.lower().startswith('y')

 					setattr(cfg, option[0], val)
 			output("\nNew settings:")
 			for option in options:
 				output("  %s: %s" % (option[1], getattr(cfg, option[0])))

 			val = raw_input("\nTest access with supplied credentials? [Y/n] ")
 			if val.lower().startswith("y") or val == "":
 				try:
 					output("Please wait...")
 					S3(Config()).bucket_list("", "")

 					output("Success. Your access key and secret key worked fine :-)")
 
 					output("\nNow verifying that encryption works...")

 					if not getattr(cfg, "gpg_command") or not getattr(cfg, "gpg_passphrase"):
 						output("Not configured. Never mind.")

 					else:

 						if not getattr(cfg, "gpg_command"):
 							raise Exception("Path to GPG program not set")
 						if not os.path.isfile(getattr(cfg, "gpg_command")):
 							raise Exception("GPG program not found")
 						filename = Utils.mktmpfile()
 						f = open(filename, "w")
 						f.write(os.sys.copyright)
 						f.close()
 						ret_enc = gpg_encrypt(filename)
 						ret_dec = gpg_decrypt(ret_enc[1], ret_enc[2], False)
 						hash = [
 							Utils.hash_file_md5(filename),
 							Utils.hash_file_md5(ret_enc[1]),
 							Utils.hash_file_md5(ret_dec[1]),
 						]
 						os.unlink(filename)
 						os.unlink(ret_enc[1])
 						os.unlink(ret_dec[1])
 						if hash[0] == hash[2] and hash[0] != hash[1]:
 							output ("Success. Encryption and decryption worked fine :-)") 
 						else:
 							raise Exception("Encryption verification error.")

 
 				except Exception, e:

 					error("Test failed: %s" % (e))
 					val = raw_input("\nRetry configuration? [Y/n] ")
 					if val.lower().startswith("y") or val == "":
 						continue

 
 			val = raw_input("\nSave settings? [y/N] ")
 			if val.lower().startswith("y"):

 				break

 			val = raw_input("Retry configuration? [Y/n] ")
 			if val.lower().startswith("n"):
 				raise EOFError()

 
 		## Overwrite existing config file, make it user-readable only
 		old_mask = os.umask(0077)
 		try:
 			os.remove(config_file)
 		except OSError, e:
 			if e.errno != errno.ENOENT:
 				raise

 		f = open(config_file, "w")

 		os.umask(old_mask)

 		cfg.dump_config(f)
 		f.close()
 		output("Configuration saved to '%s'" % config_file)
 
 	except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt):
 		output("\nConfiguration aborted. Changes were NOT saved.")
 		return
 	
 	except IOError, e:
 		error("Writing config file failed: %s: %s" % (config_file, e.strerror))

 		sys.exit(1)

 def process_exclude_from_file(exf, exclude_array):
 	exfi = open(exf, "rt")
 	for ex in exfi:
 		ex = ex.strip()
 		if re.match("^#", ex) or re.match("^\s*$", ex):
 			continue
 		debug("adding rule: %s" % ex)
 		exclude_array.append(ex)
 

 commands = {}
 commands_list = [
 	{"cmd":"mb", "label":"Make bucket", "param":"s3://BUCKET", "func":cmd_bucket_create, "argc":1},
 	{"cmd":"rb", "label":"Remove bucket", "param":"s3://BUCKET", "func":cmd_bucket_delete, "argc":1},
 	{"cmd":"ls", "label":"List objects or buckets", "param":"[s3://BUCKET[/PREFIX]]", "func":cmd_ls, "argc":0},
 	{"cmd":"la", "label":"List all object in all buckets", "param":"", "func":cmd_buckets_list_all_all, "argc":0},
 	{"cmd":"put", "label":"Put file into bucket", "param":"FILE [FILE...] s3://BUCKET[/PREFIX]", "func":cmd_object_put, "argc":2},
 	{"cmd":"get", "label":"Get file from bucket", "param":"s3://BUCKET/OBJECT LOCAL_FILE", "func":cmd_object_get, "argc":1},
 	{"cmd":"del", "label":"Delete file from bucket", "param":"s3://BUCKET/OBJECT", "func":cmd_object_del, "argc":1},

 	#{"cmd":"mkdir", "label":"Make a virtual S3 directory", "param":"s3://BUCKET/path/to/dir", "func":cmd_mkdir, "argc":1},

 	{"cmd":"sync", "label":"Synchronize a directory tree to S3", "param":"LOCAL_DIR s3://BUCKET[/PREFIX] or s3://BUCKET[/PREFIX] LOCAL_DIR", "func":cmd_sync, "argc":2},

 	{"cmd":"du", "label":"Disk usage by buckets", "param":"[s3://BUCKET[/PREFIX]]", "func":cmd_du, "argc":0},

 	{"cmd":"info", "label":"Get various information about Buckets or Objects", "param":"s3://BUCKET[/OBJECT]", "func":cmd_info, "argc":1},

 	#{"cmd":"setacl", "label":"Modify Access control list for Bucket or Object", "param":"s3://BUCKET[/OBJECT]", "func":cmd_setacl, "argc":1},

 	]

 def format_commands(progname):
 	help = "Commands:\n"

 	for cmd in commands_list:
 		help += "  %s\n      %s %s %s\n" % (cmd["label"], progname, cmd["cmd"], cmd["param"])

 	return help
 

 class OptionMimeType(Option):
 	def check_mimetype(option, opt, value):
 		if re.compile("^[a-z0-9]+/[a-z0-9+\.-]+$", re.IGNORECASE).match(value):
 			return value
 		raise OptionValueError("option %s: invalid MIME-Type format: %r" % (opt, value))
 
 	TYPES = Option.TYPES + ("mimetype",)
 	TYPE_CHECKER = copy(Option.TYPE_CHECKER)
 	TYPE_CHECKER["mimetype"] = check_mimetype
 

 class MyHelpFormatter(IndentedHelpFormatter):
 	def format_epilog(self, epilog):
 		if epilog:
 			return "\n" + epilog + "\n"
 		else:
 			return ""
 

 def main():

 	global cfg

 	if float("%d.%d" %(sys.version_info[0], sys.version_info[1])) < 2.4:
 		sys.stderr.write("ERROR: Python 2.4 or higher required, sorry.\n")
 		sys.exit(1)

 	## Populate "commands" from "commands_list"
 	for cmd in commands_list:
 		if cmd.has_key("cmd"):
 			commands[cmd["cmd"]] = cmd
 

 	default_verbosity = Config().verbosity

 	optparser = OptionParser(option_class=OptionMimeType, formatter=MyHelpFormatter())

 	#optparser.disable_interspersed_args()

 	if os.getenv("HOME"):
 		optparser.set_defaults(config=os.getenv("HOME")+"/.s3cfg")
 

 	optparser.set_defaults(verbosity = default_verbosity)

 	optparser.add_option(      "--configure", dest="run_configure", action="store_true", help="Invoke interactive (re)configuration tool.")

 	optparser.add_option("-c", "--config", dest="config", metavar="FILE", help="Config file name. Defaults to %default")

 	optparser.add_option(      "--dump-config", dest="dump_config", action="store_true", help="Dump current configuration after parsing config files and command line options and exit.")
 

 	#optparser.add_option("-n", "--dry-run", dest="dry_run", action="store_true", help="Only show what should be uploaded or downloaded but don't actually do it. May still perform S3 requests to get bucket listings and other information though.")

 	optparser.add_option("-e", "--encrypt", dest="encrypt", action="store_true", help="Encrypt files before uploading to S3.")

 	optparser.add_option(      "--no-encrypt", dest="encrypt", action="store_false", help="Don't encrypt files.")

 	optparser.add_option("-f", "--force", dest="force", action="store_true", help="Force overwrite and other dangerous operations.")

 	optparser.add_option("-P", "--acl-public", dest="acl_public", action="store_true", help="Store objects with ACL allowing read for anyone.")
 	optparser.add_option(      "--acl-private", dest="acl_public", action="store_false", help="Store objects with default ACL allowing access for you only.")

 	optparser.add_option(      "--delete-removed", dest="delete_removed", action="store_true", help="Delete remote objects with no corresponding local file [sync]")

 	optparser.add_option(      "--no-delete-removed", dest="delete_removed", action="store_false", help="Don't delete remote objects.")
 	optparser.add_option("-p", "--preserve", dest="preserve_attrs", action="store_true", help="Preserve filesystem attributes (mode, ownership, timestamps). Default for [sync] command.")
 	optparser.add_option(      "--no-preserve", dest="preserve_attrs", action="store_false", help="Don't store FS attributes")

 	optparser.add_option(      "--exclude", dest="exclude", action="append", metavar="GLOB", help="Filenames and paths matching GLOB will be excluded from sync")
 	optparser.add_option(      "--exclude-from", dest="exclude_from", action="append", metavar="FILE", help="Read --exclude GLOBs from FILE")
 	optparser.add_option(      "--rexclude", dest="rexclude", action="append", metavar="REGEXP", help="Filenames and paths matching REGEXP (regular expression) will be excluded from sync")
 	optparser.add_option(      "--rexclude-from", dest="rexclude_from", action="append", metavar="FILE", help="Read --rexclude REGEXPs from FILE")

 	optparser.add_option(      "--debug-syncmatch", "--debug-exclude", dest="debug_syncmatch", action="store_true", help="Output detailed information about remote vs. local filelist matching and --exclude processing and then exit")

 	optparser.add_option(      "--bucket-location", dest="bucket_location", help="Datacentre to create bucket in. Either EU or US (default)")

 	optparser.add_option("-m", "--mime-type", dest="default_mime_type", type="mimetype", metavar="MIME/TYPE", help="Default MIME-type to be set for objects stored.")
 	optparser.add_option("-M", "--guess-mime-type", dest="guess_mime_type", action="store_true", help="Guess MIME-type of files by their extension. Falls back to default MIME-Type as specified by --mime-type option")

 
 	optparser.add_option("-H", "--human-readable-sizes", dest="human_readable_sizes", action="store_true", help="Print sizes in human readable form.")

 	optparser.add_option("-v", "--verbose", dest="verbosity", action="store_const", const=logging.INFO, help="Enable verbose output.")

 	optparser.add_option("-d", "--debug", dest="verbosity", action="store_const", const=logging.DEBUG, help="Enable debug output.")

 	optparser.add_option(      "--version", dest="show_version", action="store_true", help="Show s3cmd version (%s) and exit." % (PkgInfo.version))

 	optparser.set_usage(optparser.usage + " COMMAND [parameters]")

 	optparser.set_description('S3cmd is a tool for managing objects in '+

 		'Amazon S3 storage. It allows for making and removing '+
 		'"buckets" and uploading, downloading and removing '+
 		'"objects" from these buckets.')

 	optparser.epilog = format_commands(optparser.get_prog_name())

 	optparser.epilog += ("\nSee program homepage for more information at\n%s\n" % PkgInfo.url)

 	(options, args) = optparser.parse_args()
 
 	## Some mucking with logging levels to enable 
 	## debugging/verbose output for config file parser on request

 	logging.basicConfig(level=options.verbosity,
 	                    format='%(levelname)s: %(message)s',

 	                    stream = _stderr)

 	if options.show_version:

 		output("s3cmd version %s" % PkgInfo.version)

 		sys.exit(0)
 

 	## Now finally parse the config file

 	if not options.config:
 		error("Can't find a config file. Please use --config option.")
 		sys.exit(1)
 

 	try:
 		cfg = Config(options.config)
 	except IOError, e:
 		if options.run_configure:
 			cfg = Config()
 		else:
 			error("%s: %s"  % (options.config, e.strerror))
 			error("Configuration file not available.")
 			error("Consider using --configure parameter to create one.")

 			sys.exit(1)

 
 	## And again some logging level adjustments
 	## according to configfile and command line parameters
 	if options.verbosity != default_verbosity:

 		cfg.verbosity = options.verbosity
 	logging.root.setLevel(cfg.verbosity)

 
 	## Update Config with other parameters

 	for option in cfg.option_list():
 		try:
 			if getattr(options, option) != None:
 				debug("Updating %s -> %s" % (option, getattr(options, option)))
 				cfg.update_option(option, getattr(options, option))
 		except AttributeError:
 			## Some Config() options are not settable from command line
 			pass
 

 	## Process GLOB (shell wildcard style) excludes

 	if options.exclude is None:
 		options.exclude = []
 
 	if options.exclude_from:
 		for exf in options.exclude_from:
 			debug("processing --exclude-from %s" % exf)

 			process_exclude_from_file(exf, options.exclude)

 
 	if options.exclude:
 		for ex in options.exclude:
 			debug("processing rule: %s" % ex)

 			exc = re.compile(glob.fnmatch.translate(ex))
 			cfg.exclude.append(exc)
 			if options.debug_syncmatch:
 				cfg.debug_exclude[exc] = ex
 
 	## Process REGEXP style excludes
 	if options.rexclude is None:
 		options.rexclude = []
 
 	if options.rexclude_from:
 		for exf in options.rexclude_from:
 			debug("processing --rexclude-from %s" % exf)
 			process_exclude_from_file(exf, options.rexclude)
 
 	if options.rexclude:
 		for ex in options.rexclude:
 			debug("processing rule: %s" % ex)

 			exc = re.compile(ex)
 			cfg.exclude.append(exc)
 			if options.debug_syncmatch:
 				cfg.debug_exclude[exc] = ex

 	if cfg.encrypt and cfg.gpg_passphrase == "":
 		error("Encryption requested but no passphrase set in config file.")
 		error("Please re-run 's3cmd --configure' and supply it.")
 		sys.exit(1)
 

 	if options.dump_config:
 		cfg.dump_config(sys.stdout)

 		sys.exit(0)

 
 	if options.run_configure:
 		run_configure(options.config)

 		sys.exit(0)

 
 	if len(args) < 1:
 		error("Missing command. Please run with --help for more information.")

 		sys.exit(1)

 	## Unicodise all remaining arguments:
 	args = [unicodise(arg) for arg in args]
 

 	command = args.pop(0)
 	try:

 		debug("Command: %s" % commands[command]["cmd"])

 		## We must do this lookup in extra step to 
 		## avoid catching all KeyError exceptions
 		## from inner functions.

 		cmd_func = commands[command]["func"]

 	except KeyError, e:
 		error("Invalid command: %s" % e)

 		sys.exit(1)

 	if len(args) < commands[command]["argc"]:

 		error("Not enough paramters for command '%s'" % command)

 		sys.exit(1)

 
 	try:
 		cmd_func(args)
 	except S3Error, e:

 		error("S3 error: %s" % e)

 		sys.exit(1)

 	except ParameterError, e:

 		error("Parameter problem: %s" % e)

 		sys.exit(1)

 if __name__ == '__main__':
 	try:
 		## Our modules
 		## Keep them in try/except block to 
 		## detect any syntax errors in there
 		from S3 import PkgInfo
 		from S3.S3 import *
 		from S3.Config import Config
 		from S3.S3Uri import *
 		from S3 import Utils
 		from S3.Exceptions import *

 		from S3.Utils import unicodise

 
 		main()
 		sys.exit(0)

 	except SystemExit, e:
 		sys.exit(e.code)
 

 	except Exception, e:
 		sys.stderr.write("""
 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
     An unexpected error has occurred.
   Please report the following lines to:
   s3tools-general@lists.sourceforge.net
 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
 """)

 		sys.stderr.write("S3cmd:  %s\n" % PkgInfo.version)
 		sys.stderr.write("Python: %s\n" % sys.version.replace('\n', ' '))
 		sys.stderr.write("\n")

 		sys.stderr.write(traceback.format_exc(sys.exc_info())+"\n")
 		sys.stderr.write("""
 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
     An unexpected error has occurred.
     Please report the above lines to:
   s3tools-general@lists.sourceforge.net
 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 """)
 		sys.exit(1)