## Amazon S3 manager
## Author: Michal Ludvig <michal@logix.cz>
## http://www.logix.cz/michal
## License: GPL Version 2
import datetime
import os
import sys
import time
import re
import string
import random
import rfc822
import hmac
import base64
import errno
import urllib
from logging import debug, info, warning, error
import Config
import Exceptions
# hashlib backported to python 2.4 / 2.5 is not compatible with hmac!
if sys.version_info[0] == 2 and sys.version_info[1] < 6:
from md5 import md5
import sha as sha1
else:
from hashlib import md5, sha1
try:
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
except ImportError:
import elementtree.ElementTree as ET
from xml.parsers.expat import ExpatError
__all__ = []
def parseNodes(nodes):
## WARNING: Ignores text nodes from mixed xml/text.
## For instance <tag1>some text<tag2>other text</tag2></tag1>
## will be ignore "some text" node
retval = []
for node in nodes:
retval_item = {}
for child in node.getchildren():
name = child.tag
if child.getchildren():
retval_item[name] = parseNodes([child])
else:
retval_item[name] = node.findtext(".//%s" % child.tag)
retval.append(retval_item)
return retval
__all__.append("parseNodes")
def stripNameSpace(xml):
"""
removeNameSpace(xml) -- remove top-level AWS namespace
"""
r = re.compile('^(<?[^>]+?>\s?)(<\w+) xmlns=[\'"](http://[^\'"]+)[\'"](.*)', re.MULTILINE)
if r.match(xml):
xmlns = r.match(xml).groups()[2]
xml = r.sub("\\1\\2\\4", xml)
else:
xmlns = None
return xml, xmlns
__all__.append("stripNameSpace")
def getTreeFromXml(xml):
xml, xmlns = stripNameSpace(xml)
try:
tree = ET.fromstring(xml)
if xmlns:
tree.attrib['xmlns'] = xmlns
return tree
except ExpatError, e:
error(e)
raise Exceptions.ParameterError("Bucket contains invalid filenames. Please run: s3cmd fixbucket s3://your-bucket/")
__all__.append("getTreeFromXml")
def getListFromXml(xml, node):
tree = getTreeFromXml(xml)
nodes = tree.findall('.//%s' % (node))
return parseNodes(nodes)
__all__.append("getListFromXml")
def getDictFromTree(tree):
ret_dict = {}
for child in tree.getchildren():
if child.getchildren():
## Complex-type child. Recurse
content = getDictFromTree(child)
else:
content = child.text
if ret_dict.has_key(child.tag):
if not type(ret_dict[child.tag]) == list:
ret_dict[child.tag] = [ret_dict[child.tag]]
ret_dict[child.tag].append(content or "")
else:
ret_dict[child.tag] = content or ""
return ret_dict
__all__.append("getDictFromTree")
def getTextFromXml(xml, xpath):
tree = getTreeFromXml(xml)
if tree.tag.endswith(xpath):
return tree.text
else:
return tree.findtext(xpath)
__all__.append("getTextFromXml")
def getRootTagName(xml):
tree = getTreeFromXml(xml)
return tree.tag
__all__.append("getRootTagName")
def xmlTextNode(tag_name, text):
el = ET.Element(tag_name)
el.text = unicode(text)
return el
__all__.append("xmlTextNode")
def appendXmlTextNode(tag_name, text, parent):
"""
Creates a new <tag_name> Node and sets
its content to 'text'. Then appends the
created Node to 'parent' element if given.
Returns the newly created Node.
"""
el = xmlTextNode(tag_name, text)
parent.append(el)
return el
__all__.append("appendXmlTextNode")
def dateS3toPython(date):
date = re.compile("(\.\d*)?Z").sub(".000Z", date)
return time.strptime(date, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.000Z")
__all__.append("dateS3toPython")
def dateS3toUnix(date):
## FIXME: This should be timezone-aware.
## Currently the argument to strptime() is GMT but mktime()
## treats it as "localtime". Anyway...
return time.mktime(dateS3toPython(date))
__all__.append("dateS3toUnix")
def dateRFC822toPython(date):
return rfc822.parsedate(date)
__all__.append("dateRFC822toPython")
def dateRFC822toUnix(date):
return time.mktime(dateRFC822toPython(date))
__all__.append("dateRFC822toUnix")
def formatSize(size, human_readable = False, floating_point = False):
size = floating_point and float(size) or int(size)
if human_readable:
coeffs = ['k', 'M', 'G', 'T']
coeff = ""
while size > 2048:
size /= 1024
coeff = coeffs.pop(0)
return (size, coeff)
else:
return (size, "")
__all__.append("formatSize")
def formatDateTime(s3timestamp):
try:
import pytz
timezone = pytz.timezone(os.environ.get('TZ', 'UTC'))
tz = pytz.timezone('UTC')
## Can't unpack args and follow that with kwargs in python 2.5
## So we pass them all as kwargs
params = zip(('year', 'month', 'day', 'hour', 'minute', 'second', 'tzinfo'),
dateS3toPython(s3timestamp)[0:6] + (tz,))
params = dict(params)
utc_dt = datetime.datetime(**params)
dt_object = utc_dt.astimezone(timezone)
except ImportError:
dt_object = datetime.datetime(*dateS3toPython(s3timestamp)[0:6])
return dt_object.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")
__all__.append("formatDateTime")
def convertTupleListToDict(list):
retval = {}
for tuple in list:
retval[tuple[0]] = tuple[1]
return retval
__all__.append("convertTupleListToDict")
_rnd_chars = string.ascii_letters+string.digits
_rnd_chars_len = len(_rnd_chars)
def rndstr(len):
retval = ""
while len > 0:
retval += _rnd_chars[random.randint(0, _rnd_chars_len-1)]
len -= 1
return retval
__all__.append("rndstr")
def mktmpsomething(prefix, randchars, createfunc):
old_umask = os.umask(0077)
tries = 5
while tries > 0:
dirname = prefix + rndstr(randchars)
try:
createfunc(dirname)
break
except OSError, e:
if e.errno != errno.EEXIST:
os.umask(old_umask)
raise
tries -= 1
os.umask(old_umask)
return dirname
__all__.append("mktmpsomething")
def mktmpdir(prefix = os.getenv('TMP','/tmp') + "/tmpdir-", randchars = 10):
return mktmpsomething(prefix, randchars, os.mkdir)
__all__.append("mktmpdir")
def mktmpfile(prefix = os.getenv('TMP','/tmp') + "/tmpfile-", randchars = 20):
createfunc = lambda filename : os.close(os.open(filename, os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL))
return mktmpsomething(prefix, randchars, createfunc)
__all__.append("mktmpfile")
def hash_file_md5(filename):
h = md5()
f = open(filename, "rb")
while True:
# Hash 32kB chunks
data = f.read(32*1024)
if not data:
break
h.update(data)
f.close()
return h.hexdigest()
__all__.append("hash_file_md5")
def mkdir_with_parents(dir_name):
"""
mkdir_with_parents(dst_dir)
Create directory 'dir_name' with all parent directories
Returns True on success, False otherwise.
"""
pathmembers = dir_name.split(os.sep)
tmp_stack = []
while pathmembers and not os.path.isdir(os.sep.join(pathmembers)):
tmp_stack.append(pathmembers.pop())
while tmp_stack:
pathmembers.append(tmp_stack.pop())
cur_dir = os.sep.join(pathmembers)
try:
debug("mkdir(%s)" % cur_dir)
os.mkdir(cur_dir)
except (OSError, IOError), e:
warning("%s: can not make directory: %s" % (cur_dir, e.strerror))
return False
except Exception, e:
warning("%s: %s" % (cur_dir, e))
return False
return True
__all__.append("mkdir_with_parents")
def unicodise(string, encoding = None, errors = "replace"):
"""
Convert 'string' to Unicode or raise an exception.
"""
if not encoding:
encoding = Config.Config().encoding
if type(string) == unicode:
return string
debug("Unicodising %r using %s" % (string, encoding))
try:
return string.decode(encoding, errors)
except UnicodeDecodeError:
raise UnicodeDecodeError("Conversion to unicode failed: %r" % string)
__all__.append("unicodise")
def deunicodise(string, encoding = None, errors = "replace"):
"""
Convert unicode 'string' to <type str>, by default replacing
all invalid characters with '?' or raise an exception.
"""
if not encoding:
encoding = Config.Config().encoding
if type(string) != unicode:
return str(string)
debug("DeUnicodising %r using %s" % (string, encoding))
try:
return string.encode(encoding, errors)
except UnicodeEncodeError:
raise UnicodeEncodeError("Conversion from unicode failed: %r" % string)
__all__.append("deunicodise")
def unicodise_safe(string, encoding = None):
"""
Convert 'string' to Unicode according to current encoding
and replace all invalid characters with '?'
"""
return unicodise(deunicodise(string, encoding), encoding).replace(u'\ufffd', '?')
__all__.append("unicodise_safe")
def replace_nonprintables(string):
"""
replace_nonprintables(string)
Replaces all non-printable characters 'ch' in 'string'
where ord(ch) <= 26 with ^@, ^A, ... ^Z
"""
new_string = ""
modified = 0
for c in string:
o = ord(c)
if (o <= 31):
new_string += "^" + chr(ord('@') + o)
modified += 1
elif (o == 127):
new_string += "^?"
modified += 1
else:
new_string += c
if modified and Config.Config().urlencoding_mode != "fixbucket":
warning("%d non-printable characters replaced in: %s" % (modified, new_string))
return new_string
__all__.append("replace_nonprintables")
def sign_string(string_to_sign):
"""Sign a string with the secret key, returning base64 encoded results.
By default the configured secret key is used, but may be overridden as
an argument.
Useful for REST authentication. See http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/s3-developer-guide/RESTAuthentication.html
"""
signature = base64.encodestring(hmac.new(Config.Config().secret_key, string_to_sign, sha1).digest()).strip()
return signature
__all__.append("sign_string")
def sign_url(url_to_sign, expiry):
"""Sign a URL in s3://bucket/object form with the given expiry
time. The object will be accessible via the signed URL until the
AWS key and secret are revoked or the expiry time is reached, even
if the object is otherwise private.
See: http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/s3-developer-guide/RESTAuthentication.html
"""
return sign_url_base(
bucket = url_to_sign.bucket(),
object = url_to_sign.object(),
expiry = expiry
)
__all__.append("sign_url")
def sign_url_base(**parms):
"""Shared implementation of sign_url methods. Takes a hash of 'bucket', 'object' and 'expiry' as args."""
parms['expiry']=time_to_epoch(parms['expiry'])
parms['access_key']=Config.Config().access_key
debug("Expiry interpreted as epoch time %s", parms['expiry'])
signtext = 'GET\n\n\n%(expiry)d\n/%(bucket)s/%(object)s' % parms
debug("Signing plaintext: %r", signtext)
parms['sig'] = urllib.quote_plus(sign_string(signtext))
debug("Urlencoded signature: %s", parms['sig'])
return "http://%(bucket)s.s3.amazonaws.com/%(object)s?AWSAccessKeyId=%(access_key)s&Expires=%(expiry)d&Signature=%(sig)s" % parms
def time_to_epoch(t):
"""Convert time specified in a variety of forms into UNIX epoch time.
Accepts datetime.datetime, int, anything that has a strftime() method, and standard time 9-tuples
"""
if isinstance(t, int):
# Already an int
return t
elif isinstance(t, tuple) or isinstance(t, time.struct_time):
# Assume it's a time 9-tuple
return int(time.mktime(t))
elif hasattr(t, 'timetuple'):
# Looks like a datetime object or compatible
return int(time.mktime(t.timetuple()))
elif hasattr(t, 'strftime'):
# Looks like the object supports standard srftime()
return int(t.strftime('%s'))
elif isinstance(t, str) or isinstance(t, unicode):
# See if it's a string representation of an epoch
try:
return int(t)
except ValueError:
# Try to parse it as a timestamp string
try:
return time.strptime(t)
except ValueError, ex:
# Will fall through
debug("Failed to parse date with strptime: %s", ex)
pass
raise Exceptions.ParameterError('Unable to convert %r to an epoch time. Pass an epoch time. Try `date -d \'now + 1 year\' +%%s` (shell) or time.mktime (Python).' % t)
def check_bucket_name(bucket, dns_strict = True):
if dns_strict:
invalid = re.search("([^a-z0-9\.-])", bucket)
if invalid:
raise Exceptions.ParameterError("Bucket name '%s' contains disallowed character '%s'. The only supported ones are: lowercase us-ascii letters (a-z), digits (0-9), dot (.) and hyphen (-)." % (bucket, invalid.groups()[0]))
else:
invalid = re.search("([^A-Za-z0-9\._-])", bucket)
if invalid:
raise Exceptions.ParameterError("Bucket name '%s' contains disallowed character '%s'. The only supported ones are: us-ascii letters (a-z, A-Z), digits (0-9), dot (.), hyphen (-) and underscore (_)." % (bucket, invalid.groups()[0]))
if len(bucket) < 3:
raise Exceptions.ParameterError("Bucket name '%s' is too short (min 3 characters)" % bucket)
if len(bucket) > 255:
raise Exceptions.ParameterError("Bucket name '%s' is too long (max 255 characters)" % bucket)
if dns_strict:
if len(bucket) > 63:
raise Exceptions.ParameterError("Bucket name '%s' is too long (max 63 characters)" % bucket)
if re.search("-\.", bucket):
raise Exceptions.ParameterError("Bucket name '%s' must not contain sequence '-.' for DNS compatibility" % bucket)
if re.search("\.\.", bucket):
raise Exceptions.ParameterError("Bucket name '%s' must not contain sequence '..' for DNS compatibility" % bucket)
if not re.search("^[0-9a-z]", bucket):
raise Exceptions.ParameterError("Bucket name '%s' must start with a letter or a digit" % bucket)
if not re.search("[0-9a-z]$", bucket):
raise Exceptions.ParameterError("Bucket name '%s' must end with a letter or a digit" % bucket)
return True
__all__.append("check_bucket_name")
def check_bucket_name_dns_conformity(bucket):
try:
return check_bucket_name(bucket, dns_strict = True)
except Exceptions.ParameterError:
return False
__all__.append("check_bucket_name_dns_conformity")
def getBucketFromHostname(hostname):
"""
bucket, success = getBucketFromHostname(hostname)
Only works for hostnames derived from bucket names
using Config.host_bucket pattern.
Returns bucket name and a boolean success flag.
"""
# Create RE pattern from Config.host_bucket
pattern = Config.Config().host_bucket % { 'bucket' : '(?P<bucket>.*)' }
m = re.match(pattern, hostname)
if not m:
return (hostname, False)
return m.groups()[0], True
__all__.append("getBucketFromHostname")
def getHostnameFromBucket(bucket):
return Config.Config().host_bucket % { 'bucket' : bucket }
__all__.append("getHostnameFromBucket")
def calculateChecksum(buffer, mfile, offset, chunk_size, send_chunk):
md5_hash = md5()
size_left = chunk_size
if buffer == '':
mfile.seek(offset)
while size_left > 0:
data = mfile.read(min(send_chunk, size_left))
md5_hash.update(data)
size_left -= len(data)
else:
md5_hash.update(buffer)
return md5_hash.hexdigest()
__all__.append("calculateChecksum")
# Deal with the fact that pwd and grp modules don't exist for Windos
try:
import pwd
def getpwuid_username(uid):
"""returns a username from the password databse for the given uid"""
return pwd.getpwuid(uid).pw_name
except ImportError:
def getpwuid_username(uid):
return getpass.getuser()
__all__.append("getpwuid_username")
try:
import grp
def getgrgid_grpname(gid):
"""returns a groupname from the group databse for the given gid"""
return grp.getgrgid(gid).gr_name
except ImportError:
def getgrgid_grpname(gid):
return "nobody"
__all__.append("getgrgid_grpname")
# vim:et:ts=4:sts=4:ai